Postseismic Deformation Following the 2010 $$M = 7.2$$ M = 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake: Observations, Kinematic Inversions, and Dynamic Models

Rollins, Chris; Barbot, Sylvain; Avouac, Jean Philippe

doi:10.1007/s00024-014-1005-6

Cited by 45 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Of the 1,576 GPS sites, we identify 1,276 recording primarily solid Earth's elastic response to mass change. We omit the 300 GPS sites that do not, consisting of 159 sites responding porously to groundwater changes, 57 sites responding to volcanic activity, and 84 sites influenced by interseismic strain accumulation at Cascadia subduction zone (McCaffrey et al, ), by the 2010 M 7.2 Baja earthquake (Rollins et al, ), or by other local interfering phenomena (Figure S4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Water Loss in California's Mountain Ranges During Severe Drought From 2012 to 2015 Inferred From GPS

et al. 2017

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Drought struck California during 7 of the 9 years from 2007 to 2015, reducing the state's available water resources. Pumping of Central Valley groundwater has produced spectacular land subsidence. Uplift of the adjacent Sierra Nevada mountains has been proposed to be either tectonic uplift or solid Earth's elastic response to unloading of Central Valley groundwater. We find that of the 24 mm of uplift of the Sierra Nevada from October 2011 to October 2015, just 5 mm is produced by Central Valley groundwater loss, less than 2 mm is tectonic uplift, and 17 mm is solid Earth's elastic response to water loss in the Sierra Nevada. We invert GPS vertical displacements recording solid Earth's elastic response to infer changes in water storage across the western U.S. from January 2006 to October 2017. We find water changes to be sustained over periods of drought or heavy precipitation: the Sierra Nevada lost 15 ± 19 km3 of water during drought from October 2006 to October 2009, gained 18 ± 14 km3 of water during heavy precipitation from October 2009 to October 2011, and lost 45 ± 21 km3 of water during severe drought from October 2011 to October 2015 (95% confidence limits). Such large changes are not in hydrology models: snow accumulation in October is negligible and long‐term soil moisture change is small. We infer that there must be large loss of either deep soil moisture or groundwater in river alluvium and in crystalline basement in the Sierra Nevada. The results suggest there to be parching of water in the ground during the summer of years of drought and seeping of melting snow into the Sierra Nevada in the spring of years of heavy precipitation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Water Loss in California's Mountain Ranges During Severe Drought From 2012 to 2015 Inferred From GPS

et al. 2017

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“…Large earthquakes induce a significant stress change in the surrounding lithosphere (e.g., Barbot et al, 2008;Masuti et al, 2016;Qiu et al, 2018;Rollins et al, 2015;Rousset et al, 2012, and references therein), leading to a transient acceleration of viscoelastic flow in the asthenosphere that is detectable in adequately designed geodetic networks (e.g., Sathiakumar et al, 2017). The postseismic deformation provides important constraints on distributed deformation at short timescales that in principle can provide additional insight into the constitutive properties and in situ conditions in the upper mantle (Bedford et al, 2016;Broerse et al, 2015;Govers et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2014;Klein et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017;Masuti et al, 2016;Muto et al, 2016;Pollitz et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2012, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthenosphere Flow Modulated by Megathrust Earthquake Cycles

Barbot

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Subduction megathrusts develop the largest earthquakes, often close to large population centers. Understanding the dynamics of deformation at subduction zones is therefore important to better assess seismic hazards. Here I develop consistent earthquake cycle simulations that incorporate localized and distributed deformation based on laboratory‐derived constitutive laws by combining boundary and volume elements to represent the mechanical coupling between megathrust slip and solid‐state flow in the oceanic asthenosphere and in the mantle wedge. The model is simplified, in two dimensions, but may help the interpretation of geodetic data. Megathrust earthquakes and slow‐slip events modulate the strain rate in the upper mantle, leading to large variations of effective viscosity in space and time and a complex pattern of surface deformation. While fault slip and flow in the mantle wedge generate surface displacements in the same, that is, seaward, direction, the viscoelastic relaxation in the oceanic asthenosphere generates transient surface deformation in the opposite, that is, landward, direction above the rupture area of the mainshock. Aseismic deformation above the seismogenic zone may be challenging to record, but it may reveal important constraints about the rheology of the subducting plate.

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“…In the northwest, the rupture terminated about 60 km from the hypocenter, at the geologic boundary between the Sierra Cucapah range and the Yuha Desert and close to the international border ( Figure 1). There is also evidence that significant postseismic deformation occurred in the Yuha Desert [Huang et al, 2016;Pollitz et al, 2012;Rollins et al, 2015;Rymer et al, 2011], which suggests some relationship with the seismicity. There is also evidence that significant postseismic deformation occurred in the Yuha Desert [Huang et al, 2016;Pollitz et al, 2012;Rollins et al, 2015;Rymer et al, 2011], which suggests some relationship with the seismicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aftershocks driven by afterslip and fluid pressure sweeping through a fault‐fracture mesh

Ross

Rollins

Cochran

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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128

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A variety of physical mechanisms are thought to be responsible for the triggering and spatiotemporal evolution of aftershocks. Here we analyze a vigorous aftershock sequence and postseismic geodetic strain that occurred in the Yuha Desert following the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake. About 155,000 detected aftershocks occurred in a network of orthogonal faults and exhibit features of two distinct mechanisms for aftershock triggering. The earliest aftershocks were likely driven by afterslip that spread away from the main shock with the logarithm of time. A later pulse of aftershocks swept again across the Yuha Desert with square root time dependence and swarm‐like behavior; together with local geological evidence for hydrothermalism, these features suggest that the events were driven by fluid diffusion. The observations illustrate how multiple driving mechanisms and the underlying fault structure jointly control the evolution of an aftershock sequence.

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Postseismic Deformation Following the 2010 $$M = 7.2$$ M = 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Earthquake: Observations, Kinematic Inversions, and Dynamic Models

Cited by 45 publications

References 48 publications

Sustained Water Loss in California's Mountain Ranges During Severe Drought From 2012 to 2015 Inferred From GPS

Sustained Water Loss in California's Mountain Ranges During Severe Drought From 2012 to 2015 Inferred From GPS

Asthenosphere Flow Modulated by Megathrust Earthquake Cycles

Aftershocks driven by afterslip and fluid pressure sweeping through a fault‐fracture mesh

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