Posttraumatic Growth in Former Vietnam Prisoners of War

Feder, Adriana; Southwick, Steven M.; Goetz, Raymond R.; Wang, Yanping; Alonso, Angelique; Smith, Bruce W.; Buchholz, Katherine R.; Waldeck, Tracy; Ameli, Rezvan; Moore, Jeffrey L.; Hain, Robert E.; Charney, Dennis S.; Vythilingam, Meena

doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.4.359

Cited by 111 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that resilience was low in 28% of survivors, in contrast to expected rates of 16% based on population norms or the select population of lung transplantation candidates and recipients (40). However, contrary to our hypothesis, and in spite of the frequency and co-occurrence of functional impairments, resilience was normal or high in 72% of survivors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Resilience in Survivors of Critical Illness in the Context of the Survivors’ Experience and Recovery

Maley¹,

et al. 2016

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Rationale: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), defined as new or worsening impairment in cognition, mental health, or physical function after critical illness, is an important development in survivors. Although studies to date have focused on the frequency of these impairments, fundamental questions remain unanswered regarding the survivor experience and the impact of the critical illness event on survivor resilience and recovery.Objectives: To examine the association between resilience and neuropsychological and physical function and to contextualize these findings within the survivors' recovery experience. Methods:We conducted a mixed-methods pilot investigation of resilience among 43 survivors from two medical intensive care units (ICUs) within an academic health-care system. We interviewed survivors to identify barriers to and facilitators of recovery in the ICU, on the medical ward, and at home, using qualitative methods. We used a telephone battery of standardized tests to examine resilience, neuropsychological and physical function, and quality of life. We examined PICS in two ways. First, we identified how frequently survivors were impaired in one or more domains 6-12 months postdischarge. Second, we identified how frequently survivors reported that neuropsychological or physical function was worse. Measurements and Main Results:Resilience was low in 28% of survivors, normal in 63% of survivors, and high in 9% of survivors. Resilience was inversely correlated with self-reported executive dysfunction, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, difficulty with self-care, and pain (P , 0.05). PICS was present in 36 survivors (83.7%; 95% confidence interval, 69.3-93.2%), whereas 23 survivors (53.5%; 95% confidence interval, 37.6-68.8%) reported worsening of neuropsychological or physical function after critical illness. We identified challenges along the recovery path of ICU survivors, finding that physical limitations and functional dependence were the most frequent challenges experienced in the ICU, medical ward, and on return to home. Spiritual and family support facilitated recovery. Conclusions:Resilience was inversely correlated with neuropsychological impairment, pain, and difficulty with self-care. PICS was present in most survivors of critical illness, and 54% reported neuropsychological or physical function to be worse, yet resilience was normal or high in most survivors. Survivors experienced many challenges during recovery, while spiritual and family support facilitated recovery.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Resilience in Survivors of Critical Illness in the Context of the Survivors’ Experience and Recovery

Maley¹,

et al. 2016

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“…The majority of previous studies on PTG have either focused on a wide variety of sample respondents or on military service veterans who had served in World Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam, and/or the Gulf War (Aldwin, Levenson, & Spiro, 1994;Feder et al, 2008;Maguen, Vogt, King, King, & Litz, 2006;Sledge, Boydstun, & Rabe, 1980). Since the OEF and OIF conflicts have been described as having "unprecedented complexity" (Cornum et al, 2011, p. 4), as "operating in an era of persistent conflict" (Casey, 2011, p. 1), and as having the highest suicide rates, we would expect that PTG would be qualitatively and quantitatively different among soldiers from these conflicts than the posttraumatic growth found among veterans from previous wars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combat Exposure, Unit Cohesion, and Demographic Characteristics of Soldiers Reporting Posttraumatic Growth

Mitchell¹,

Gallaway²,

Millikan³

et al. 2013

Journal of Loss and Trauma

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“…For instance, military families are considered to be generally resilient (Sheppard, Malatras, & Israel, 2010); in addition, some research on posttraumatic growth suggests that deployments generally, and traumatic experiences specifically, may be associated with beneficial psychological outcomes (e.g., Bonanno, 2004). These effects have been documented in studies of veterans of the Vietnam War (e.g., Dohrenwend et al, 2004;Feder et al, 2008;Schnurr, Rosenberg, & Friedman, 1993;Sledge, Boydstun, & Rabe, 1980), the Yom Kippur War (e.g., Solomon & Dekel, 2007), the Persian Gulf War (e.g.. Maguen, Vogt, King, King, & Litz, 2006), and, most recently, the OIF/OEF confiicts (Pietrzak et al, 2010). Increases in factors related to resiliency (e.g., access to comprehensive health care, consistent employment, on-base organizations created specifically to support families; Sheppard et al, 2010) or posttraumatic growth following deployment could contribute to the lower rates of mild abuse found in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

Rabenhorst¹,

McCarthy²,

Thomsen³

et al. 2013

Journal of Family Psychology

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The authors examined spouse abuse perpetration among all married U.S. Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. Using Poisson and conditional Poisson regression, they compared rates of spouse abuse perpetration predeployment and postdeployment in the population of married U.S. Air Force personnel who had a combat-related deployment between October 1, 2001 and October 31, 2008 (N = 156,296). Just over 2% (n = 3,524) of deployers perpetrated at least one substantiated incident of spouse physical or emotional abuse within the 308,197,653 days at risk for abuse during the study period. Male deployers perpetrated spouse abuse at approximately twice the rate of female deployers. Regarding changes in rates of spouse abuse perpetration postdeployment versus predeployment among all deployers, the authors found no differences overall; however, several deployer and incident-related characteristics moderated this effect. Rates of emotional abuse, mild abuse, and abuse not involving alcohol were significantly lower postdeployment, whereas rates of moderate/severe abuse and abuse involving alcohol were significantly higher postdeployment. Although the majority of U.S. Air Force deployers did not perpetrate any substantiated incidents of spouse abuse, there was variability in the impact of deployment on spouse abuse rates before versus after deployment. The finding that rates of moderate/severe spouse abuse incidents involving alcohol were higher postdeployment suggests a need for focused prevention/intervention efforts.

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Posttraumatic Growth in Former Vietnam Prisoners of War

Cited by 111 publications

References 33 publications

Resilience in Survivors of Critical Illness in the Context of the Survivors’ Experience and Recovery

Resilience in Survivors of Critical Illness in the Context of the Survivors’ Experience and Recovery

Combat Exposure, Unit Cohesion, and Demographic Characteristics of Soldiers Reporting Posttraumatic Growth

Spouse abuse among United States Air Force personnel who deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.

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