Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physiological reactivity, alcohol problems, and aggression among military veterans.

Taft, Casey T.; Kaloupek, Danny G.; Schumm, Jeremiah A.; Marshall, Amy D.; Panuzio, Jillian; King, Daniel W.; Keane, Terence M.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.498

Cited by 224 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Moreover, our results suggest the relation between alcohol misuse and PTSD hyperarousal symptoms is more specifically associated with alcohol-related problems rather than the quantityfrequency of alcohol use. It may be that PTSD hyperarousal symptoms influence externalizing behaviours (for example, angry outbursts or impulsive behaviour), which in turn may develop into alcohol-related problems (for example, spousal abuse or driving while intoxicated 56 ). Alternatively, consumption of alcohol may reduce inhibitions that had previously held back externalizing behaviours prompted by hyperarousal symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Relation to Alcohol-Use and Alcohol-Related Problems among Canadian Forces Veterans

2013

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Objective: Alcohol misuse is common among military veterans affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; however, research to date has provided mixed evidence concerning differential associations among PTSD and depressive symptoms in relation to alcohol misuse. Further, most available studies have examined primarily male samples or have dichotomously grouped participants as either having or not having an alcohol use disorder. Our study sought to explore relations among 2 aspects of alcohol misuse (that is, alcohol-related problems, and quantity or frequency of alcohol use) and symptoms of PTSD and depression in independent samples of female and male military veterans.Method: Canadian military veterans (1271 men and 72 women) completed a battery of selfreport questionnaires as part of a broader health status assessment conducted by Veterans Affairs Canada.Results: Linear regression analyses suggested depressive symptoms accounted for unique variance in reported alcohol-related problems and quantity or frequency of alcohol use among male veterans. Additionally, PTSD hyperarousal symptoms accounted for unique variance in reported alcohol-related problems. In contrast, among female veterans neither PTSD nor depressive symptoms were found to account for significant variance in measures of alcohol-related problems or quantity or frequency of alcohol use. Conclusions:Findings suggest differing mechanisms are involved in influencing alcohol misuse among male and female veterans. Accordingly, female veterans may benefit from specialized assessment and intervention approaches to prevent and treat alcohol-related disorders, rather than applying the same strategies commonly used with male veterans. Comprehensive results, implications, and directions for future research are discussed. W W W Symptômes du trouble de stress post-traumatique et de dépression relatifs à la consommation d'alcool et aux problèmes liés à l'alcool chez les anciens combattants des Forces canadiennesObjectif : L'abus d'alcool est commun chez les militaires anciens combattants militaires souffrant du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) et de dépression; cependant, jusqu'ici, la recherche a produit des données probantes mixtes concernant les associations différentielles des symptômes de TSPT et de dépression relativement à l'abus d'alcool. En outre, la plupart des études disponibles ont examiné principalement des échantillons masculins ou ont groupé dichotomiquement les participants comme ayant ou n'ayant pas un trouble lié à l'alcool. Notre étude visait à explorer les relations entre 2 aspects de l'abus d'alcool (c'est-à-dire, les problèmes liés à l'alcool, et la quantité ou la fréquence de la consommation d'alcool) et les symptômes de TSPT et de dépression dans des échantillons indépendants d'anciens combattants militaires féminins et masculins. Méthode :Des anciens combattants militaires canadiens (1271 hommes et 72 femmes) ont rempli une batterie de questionnaires auto-déclarés dans le cadre d'une vaste évaluation de l'état ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Relation to Alcohol-Use and Alcohol-Related Problems among Canadian Forces Veterans

2013

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“…War veterans are 2-3% more likely to develop significant physical and mental health complications than civilian populations [1]. From physical rehabilitation due to bodily injury to cognitive rehabilitation due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), the physical and mental rehabilitation after combat injuries can be exhausting.…”

Section: Physical and Mental Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many develop debilitating mental health complications. This paper addresses one of the most prevalent of these, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [1][2][3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Practices, Ethical Considerations, and Advocacy Efforts to Reduce Mental Health Stigma in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

McTighe¹

2017

J Trauma Treat

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Military personnel who see combat are exposed to traumatic experiences beyond what most civilians ever see. These events pose significant and imminent danger of physical injury and death; those lucky enough to survive combat risk developing mental and physical health issues upon their return. Problems common to veterans include depression, substance abuse, and heart disease, but the most pervasive is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper will examine the internal and external factors that influence the development of PTSD, discuss current evidence-based practices, and address the stigma of mental health care. A discussion of the ethical questions that face many clinicians treating veteran populations follows. Finally, this paper will address life-long learning opportunities and suggest advocacy strategies to reduce the stigma associated with mental health care.

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“…Several studies have found general impairments of child rearing capacities, such as inadequate emotional reaction [8], impaired parent-child relationship [9,10], disrupted communication styles [11] or physical punishment [12][13][14][15]. Physical punishment was often explained by hyperarousal symptoms or substance abuse in the parents [16] and was associated with combat experiences in veteran fathers and behavioural problems in the offspring [17]. Similar to the dose effect for vulnerability to PTSD [18,19], a dose effect for the consequences of family violence was found: children who experienced more maltreatment in childhood demonstrated more severe behavioural problems and higher rates of delinquency [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the Stage for Chronic Health Problems: Cumulative Childhood Adversity among Homeless Adults with Mental Illness in Vancouver, British Columbia

Prock¹

2015

Childhood Adversity and Developmental Effects

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Background: Understanding how parental Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may or may not affect the development and mental health in the offspring is particularly important in conflict regions, where trauma-related illness is endemic. In Rwanda, organised atrocities and the genocide against the Tutsi of 1994 have left a significant fraction of the population with chronic PTSD. The aim of the present investigation was to establish whether PTSD in mothers is associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and aggressive and antisocial behaviour in their children.Methods: A community sample of 125 Rwandan mothers who experienced the genocide of 1994 and their 12-year-old children were interviewed. Using a structured interview, symptoms of maternal PTSD and children's depression, anxiety, and aggressive and antisocial behaviour were assessed by trained and on-site supervised local B.A. psychologists. The interview also included a detailed checklist of event types related to family violence. Results: In showing that a maternal PTSD was not associated with child's psychopathology, the results contradict the assumption of straight "trans-generational trauma transmission". Instead, a child's exposure to maternal family violence posed a significant risk factor for a negative mental health outcome. Furthermore, it was not maternal PTSD-symptoms but mother's exposure to family violence during her own childhood that was associated with the magnitude of adversities that a child experiences at home. Conclusions:Contrary to a simple model of a trans-generational transmission of trauma, neither maternal PTSD nor maternal traumatic experiences were directly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or antisocial and aggressive behaviour in the children. Instead, the present results suggest a relationship between parental child rearing practices and children's mental health. Furthermore, the study details the "cycle of violence", showing a significant link between maternal violence against a child and its mother's experience of childhood maltreatment.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, physiological reactivity, alcohol problems, and aggression among military veterans.

Cited by 224 publications

References 85 publications

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Relation to Alcohol-Use and Alcohol-Related Problems among Canadian Forces Veterans

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Relation to Alcohol-Use and Alcohol-Related Problems among Canadian Forces Veterans

Evidence-Based Practices, Ethical Considerations, and Advocacy Efforts to Reduce Mental Health Stigma in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Setting the Stage for Chronic Health Problems: Cumulative Childhood Adversity among Homeless Adults with Mental Illness in Vancouver, British Columbia

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