Postural control is scaled to level of postural threat

Adkin, Allan L.; Frank, James S.; Carpenter, Mark G.; Peysar, Gerhard W

doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(00)00057-6

Cited by 305 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our findings add to current knowledge by extending the work dedicated to the effects of postural direat on postural control and locomotion (Brown et al, in press;Cham & Redfern, 2002;Adkin et al, 2002;Adkin et al, 2000;Carpenter et al, 1999) by contributing the effect of postural direat on obstacle negotiation kinematics. Our work also extends research focusing on the effects of age on obstacle crossing kinematics (Austin et al, 1999;Chen et al, 1994b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It has already been established that younger and older adults demonstrate conservative control of posture and locomotion when postural direat is heightened (Brown et al, in press;Adkin et al, 2002;Adkin et al, 2000;Carpenter et al, 1999;Brown & Frank, 1997). Our work explored whether conservative patterns of behavior similarly emerged during obstacle negotiation tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The underlying premise was that individuals experience heightened physiological arousal, similar to that which may occur in situations that create a fear of falling (Brown, Gage, Polych, Sleik, & Winder, in press;Adkin, Frank, Carpenter, & Peysar, 2000;Carpenter, Frank, & Silcher, 1999;Brown & Frank, 1997). Results to date indicate that the CNS imposes tighter control of posture and gait as postural threat increases (Brown et al, in press;Adkin, Frank, Carpenter, & Peysar, 2002;Carpenter, Frank, Silcher, & Peysar, 2001;Adkin et al, 2000;Carpenter et al, 1999;Brown & Frank, 1997). However, since gait is rarely unobstructed, we sought to examine the effects of postural threat on the obstacle negotiation strategies of younger and older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, individuals were tested under environmental contexts that alter the potential consequences of instability, the underlying premise being that individuals will experience heightened physiological arousal, similar to that which may occur in situations that create a fear of falling (Brown et al, in press;Adkin et al, 2000;Carpenter et al, 1999;Brown & Frank, 1997). Our knowledge to date is that the reactive (Brown & Frank, 1997) and anticipatory control of upright stance are altered (Adkin et al, 2002) when the environmental context increases postural threat (Carpenter et al, 2001;Carpenter et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The premise of work in this area is to determine whether heightened physiological arousal relating to die potential consequences of imbalance alters the regulation of gait and postural control. Work thus far has indicated that postural threat leads to a tighter regulation of postural control and conservative gait strategies (Brown et al, in press;Adkin et al, 2002;Adkin et al, 2000;Brown & Frank, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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DEDICATIONI dedicate this thesis to my Poppa, John Joseph Lacey. You have taught me the meaning of dignity.iii ABSTRACTThe effects of postural threat and the potential consequences of obstacle contact on the obstacle negotiation kinematics among younger and older adults were examined. Seventeen older (OA; 7 males, 10 females; mean age, 68.94 ± 4.85) and fifteen younger adults (YA; 5 males, 10 females; mean age, 22.53 ± 2.77) negotiated virtual and real obstacles while walking at a self-determined velocity along a 7.2m walkway under 4 different conditions of postural threat. Postural threat was manipulated by varying the width (0.60m versus 0.15m) and height (floor versus elevated (0.00m versus 0.60m)) of the walkway. Postural threat altered crossing kinematics for all subjects. Specifically, age-related differences emerged with increasing postural threat, however die changes observed among older adults were considerably different from those of younger adults. Additionally, there was an effect for the potential consequences of obstacle contact, however, no age-related differences emerged. These results revealed an effect for postural threat and obstacle characteristics on the negotiation strategies of younger and older adults. Both postural threat and obstacle characteristics elicit conservative crossing kinematics in younger and older adults. Specifically, these findings illustrate age-dependent differences in obstacle negotiation strategies and that postural threat affects older adults differently than younger adults whereas the potential consequences of obstacle contact affects younger and older adults equally. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe did it! This thesis would not have been possible without die support of my family and friends. I would like to show my appreciation to everyone who encouraged and stood by me during the creation of this thesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

McKenzie

Brown

2004

Gait & Posture

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Does dual‐tasking affect the ability to generate anticipatory postural adjustments in young adults?

Vazaka,

Franklin,

Mills

2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate how additional cognitive tasks (Stroop test and counting backwards task) influence young adults' ability to generate appropriate postural responses while standing on a continuously oscillating platform. Twenty young adults (25.95 ± 2.97 years) stood on a moving platform which was translated in the anterior–posterior direction at three different frequencies (0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 Hz) in three dual‐task conditions (counting backwards task, a Stroop task or no additional cognitive task). Postural muscle onset latencies and tonic activity levels of the leg muscles were measured through surface electromyography; the number of steps taken and cognitive errors made were recorded. Results showed no significant differences in muscle activity between dual and single‐tasking conditions nor between the two dual tasking conditions. Cognitive errors were made in the counting backwards task but not the Stroop task. A frequency effect was identified with participants showing greater tonic activity in rectus femoris (p = 0.012), gastrocnemius medialis (p = 0.016) and bicep femoris (p = 0.043) at 0.5 Hz, as well as earlier muscle activation in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis and bicep femoris (p < 0.001) at 0.50 Hz. Transition and steady state muscle onset latencies were only significantly different for gastrocnemius medialis at 0.25 Hz (p = 0.001). Dual tasking did not seem to influence anticipatory postural adjustments in young adults; however, perturbation intensities did. The differences observed in the number of cognitive errors made could be indicative of the regional cortical activations and overlapping demand for resources interfering with balance control, though cortical activation was not recorded. Future research should include detailed cognitive behavior, including cortical activations and task reaction times to better understand the allocation of attentional resources during perturbed balance dual tasking.

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Assessing postural stability in flatfoot using a time‐in‐boundary method during single‐leg standing

Sung,

Lee

2024

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Flatfoot, a foot deformity characterized by the collapse of the arch, significantly impacts an individual's balance and stability. This study explored postural adjustments and sway excursions in individuals with and without flatfoot using the Time‐in‐Boundary method. This method assessed relative stability by exploring various center of pressure radius thresholds during three trials of single‐leg stance. We observed significant interactions in threshold levels (F = 4.37, p = 0.04) and normalized relative stable times (F = 7.64, p = 0.01), particularly in the initial trials. Initially, the flatfoot group showed marked decreases in stable times at 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm thresholds, which expanded to 25 mm and 30 mm in subsequent trials. Despite a significant decrease in stability at the 30 mm threshold in early trials, participants exhibited improved stability control as trials progressed. This enhancement likely reflects a combination of a learning effect and an increased understanding of the task requirements, underscoring the adaptability of postural control systems to the biomechanical challenges posed by flatfoot. The Time‐in‐Boundary method has proven to be an effective tool for clinicians to assess postural control, playing a vital role in developing customized rehabilitation strategies for individuals with flatfoot.

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Postural control is scaled to level of postural threat

Cited by 305 publications

References 20 publications

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

Obstacle negotiation kinematics: age-dependent effects of postural threat

Does dual‐tasking affect the ability to generate anticipatory postural adjustments in young adults?

Assessing postural stability in flatfoot using a time‐in‐boundary method during single‐leg standing

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