Postural readjustments induced by linear motion of visual scenes

Role of somatosensory and vestibular cues in attenuating visually induced human postural sway

“…), swinging rooms (Lee and Lishman 1975), projected displays simulating a moving visual wall (van Asten et al 1988), tunnel, floor, or ceiling (Lestienne et al 1977;Soechting and Berthoz 1979), and visual roll rotations (Clement et al 1985;Dichgans et al 1972 (Berthoz et al 1979;Bles et al 1983;Bles et al 1980;Clement et al 1985;Dichgans et al 1972;Lestienne et al 1977), but oppositely directed body sways have also been reported in some subjects (van Asten et al 1988). One consistent finding has been the existence of a saturation effect; that is, increases in the amplitude of the visual field movement cause little or no additional postural sway (Bles et al 1980;Clement et al 1985;Lestienne et al 1977;van Asten et al 1988).…”

Direct perception of global invariants is not a fruitful notion

“…This implies that the visual constancy is actively supported by referencing the visual stimuli to control signals producing motor actions, a process reminiscent of the sense of a constant position during isometric contractions. The suggestion that visual and motor systems are interdependent is well supported by experimental observations of different sensorimotor illusions in humans (Lackner & Dizio 1988;Lestienne et al 1977) and by neurophysiological studies in animals (Deliagina & Fagerstedt 2000).…”

Postural costs of performing cognitive tasks in non-coincident reference frames

“…Sinusoidal movement of the visible surround produces a matching sinusoidal postural response [72; 128; 229; 263; 264], and the temporal coupling between stimulus and sway found to be controlled or influenced by such factors as motion parallax [38; 93], and image velocity [129], size and expansion ( [127], but see [72]). …”

“…With visual motion in the frontal or sideways plane, body sway shows a phase lead at low visual frequencies and a phase lag at higher frequencies [129]. This suggests an ability to track (or anticipate) visual field motion, so as to minimize the amount of relative displacement between the body and the environment [101].…”