Postural sway normative data across the adult lifespan: Results from 6280 individuals on the Balance Tracking System balance test

Goble, Daniel J.; Baweja, Harsimran S.

doi:10.1111/ggi.13452

Cited by 38 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The U-shaped development refers to the path-related parameters (PLen, PLenX, PLenY) in all standing conditions and area-related parameters (StdElA) in the one leg stances. This result is in line with a recent study by Goble and Baweja [2]. They observed the U-shape for the path length of COP with the first balance decline in the 40-49-year old age group.…”

Section: Age-related Differencessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The effect of sex on postural control must be considered marginal with a tendency to better balance in women, which is in line with results of earlier research [2,3,[28][29][30]. Men had predominantly higher COP displacements than women.…”

Section: Sex-related Differencessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is recommended as an innovative, inexpensive, and precise way to assess motor performance not only in research environments but also in the fields of physiotherapy, sports, or medical diagnostics [1]. While normative values do exist for other force platforms [2,3] and assessments of postural control [4,5], no normative values of sway parameters have been published for the Leonardo system as of yet. Normative values can help healthcare practitioners in a clinical, research, or training setting to assess the performance of a person compared to people of the same age group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balance Performance across the Lifespan Assessed by the Leonardo Mechanograph®: A Cross-Sectional Study

Wiegmann

Felsenberg

Gast

et al. 2019

JFMK

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Reference values of sway parameters have not been published for the Leonardo mechanograph® so far. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine normative values on postural control measured by the force plate Leonardo Mechanograph® and to analyze the influence of age and sex on balance performance. A set of standardized standing positions with eyes opened (Romberg, semi-tandem, tandem, unipedal standing) was carried out. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to detect age-and sex-related differences in center of pressure (COP) parameters (path length, velocity, elliptical area, anterior-posterior, and medio-lateral directions). Measurements were available for 570 subjects aged 20–86 years. Statistical analysis showed a high effect of age group on postural control (partial n² between 0.1 and 0.4) with a U-shaped dependency between postural control and age for all area- and path-related COP parameters, with the largest sway in the youngest (aged 20–40) and the oldest age group (aged 60–86). For velocity of COP, a linear deterioration with increasing age was found. Medio-lateral components of COP are likely to indicate the extent of postural control. Significant sex differences were not clearly supported by current findings. Age- and sex-related normative values are a useful resource for diagnostic, research, and training.

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Section: Age-related Differencessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Sex-related Differencessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balance Performance across the Lifespan Assessed by the Leonardo Mechanograph®: A Cross-Sectional Study

Wiegmann

Felsenberg

Gast

et al. 2019

JFMK

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“…The present findings are cross-validated by previously published normative data studies for the BTrackS Balance Test (BBT) protocol 11,16,17. The BBT protocol consists of four trials of static standing with hands on hips and feet shoulder width apart similar to the BTrackS mCTSIB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

<p>Normative data for the Balance Tracking System modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance protocol</p>

Goble

Brar

Brown

et al. 2019

MDER

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Purpose: Force plate balance testing technology has traditionally been underutilized in clinical and research settings due to the high cost and lack of portability. A relatively new force plate called the Balance Tracking System (BTrackS) has been developed to overcome these barriers. BTrackS recently implemented the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB) as a means of evaluating various sources of sensory information for postural sway control. The present study aimed to provide much needed normative data for the BTrackS mCTSIB protocol. Materials and methods: Data from 604 healthy adults (308 women; 296 men) between the ages of 18 and 29 years were collected according to the BTrackS mCTSIB protocol. The protocol consisted of four, 20-second static standing trials that manipulated relative contributions of the vision, proprioception and vestibular sensory systems through various eyes open/closed and foam/no foam conditions. Comparisons of men versus women and the impact of body size (ie body mass index) were determined so that relevant percentile rankings could be calculated. Results: Analysis of variance showed an interaction between sex and task condition on the BTrackS mCTSIB ( p <0.001). This interaction indicated that women outperformed men on all conditions, but especially in the fourth trial where eyes were closed and standing was done on a compliant foam surface. Percentile rankings were calculated based on sex and BTrackS mCTSIB condition. No relationship was found between BTrackS mCTSIB results and body size. Conclusion: Normative data provided in this study are vital for establishing potential sensory feedback-based balance dysfunctions that may exist clinically or in laboratory settings. In addition, this data can aid in the tracking of changes over a rehabilitation period and/or the effectiveness of balance interventions.

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“…It is well documented that body sway characteristics assessed via center-of-pressure (CoP) analysis are sensitive to changes associated with ageing [14][15][16]. Moreover, CoP measures have also been associated with an increased risk of falling [17] and fall history [18,19] in older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Balance Tests for Assessing Risk of Falls and Distinguishing Older Adult Fallers and Non-Fallers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Falls are a major cause of injury and morbidity in older adults. To reduce the incidence of falls, a systematic assessment of the risk of falling is of paramount importance. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive comparison of the diagnostic balance tests used to predict falls and for distinguishing older adults with and without a history of falls. We conducted a systematic review of the studies in which instrumented (force plate body sway assessment) or other non-instrumented balance tests were used. We analyzed the data from 19 prospective and 48 retrospective/case-control studies. Among the non-instrumented tests, the single-leg stance test appears to be the most promising for discrimination between fallers and non-fallers. In terms of body sway measures, the center-of-pressure area was most consistently associated with falls. No evidence was found for increased benefit of the body sway test when cognitive tasks were added, or the vision was eliminated. While our analyses are limited due to the unbalanced representation of different test and outcome measures across studies, we can recommend the single-leg test for the assessment of the risk of falling, and the measurements of body sway for a more comprehensive assessment.

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Postural sway normative data across the adult lifespan: Results from 6280 individuals on the Balance Tracking System balance test

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Balance Performance across the Lifespan Assessed by the Leonardo Mechanograph®: A Cross-Sectional Study

Balance Performance across the Lifespan Assessed by the Leonardo Mechanograph®: A Cross-Sectional Study

<p>Normative data for the Balance Tracking System modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance protocol</p>

Diagnostic Balance Tests for Assessing Risk of Falls and Distinguishing Older Adult Fallers and Non-Fallers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

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