Posture control, aging, and attention resources: Models and posture-analysis methods

Lacour, Michel; Bernard-Demanze, Laurence; Dumitrescu, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.005

Cited by 319 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…When persons with stroke attempt to maintain their balance while performing a dual task, the attention capacity is reduced, making it difficult for them achieve postural control [12]. In addition, it has been reported that postural control ability may depend on the type of cognitive task performed [13]. However, studies examining changes in walking ability of persons with stroke according to task type and various difficulty levels are insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual task interference while walking in chronic stroke survivors

Shin

Choi

Lee

et al. 2017

PTRS

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Objective: Dual-task interference is defined as decrements in performance observed when people attempt to perform two tasks concurrently, such as a verbal task and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait ability according to the dual task interference in chronic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors (9 male, 1 female; mean age, 55.30 years; mini mental state examination, 19.60; onset duration, 56.90 months) recruited from the local community participated in this study. Gait ability (velocity, paretic side step, and stride time and length) under the single-and dual-task conditions at a self-selected comfortable walking speed was measured using the motion analysis system. In the dual task conditions, subjects performed three types of cognitive tasks (controlled oral word association test, auditory clock test, and counting backwards) while walking on the track. Results: For velocity, step and stride length, there was a significant decrease in the dual-task walking condition compared to the single walking condition (p<0.05). In particular, higher reduction of walking ability was observed when applying the counting backward task. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the addition of cognitive tasks while walking may lead to decrements of gait ability in stroke survivors. In particular, the difficulty level was the highest for the calculating task. We believe that these results provide basic information for improvements in gait ability and may be useful in gait training to prevent falls after a stroke incident.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual task interference while walking in chronic stroke survivors

Shin

Choi

Lee

et al. 2017

PTRS

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“…1 These age-related limitations in balance abilities may be explained by changes in muscle mass, decreased reflex activity, mobility impairments, or loss of somatosensory sensors. These limitations are also the result of an impairment of central processing, a deficit of motor response functions and a reduction in the functioning of the vestibular and visual systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skilling up for training: a feasibility study investigating acute effects of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration on postural control of older adults

et al. 2012

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The present pilot study investigated the feasibility of applying a single bout stochastic resonance whole-body vibration in deconditioned elderly individuals and the effects on static and dynamic balance and reaction time. We report the results of a non-blinded randomized control trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Twenty elderly individuals were randomized into either single bout stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) (n=10, frequency 5 Hz, Noise 4) or control (n=10). SR-WBV received 5 sets of 1 min stochastic whole-body vibration (5 Hz, Noise 4: vibration with a randomly varying frequency, 1=low, 4=high) with 1 min rest in between. The control group rested for 10 min without any intervention. Functional reach test (FRT), semi-tandem stand (STS), Expanded Timed Get Up-and-Go Test (ETGUG), single task-(ST) and dual task walking time (DT), chair rising (CR), and foot (RTF) and hand reaction time (RTH) were measured before and after the intervention. Within-and between group differences were analyzed using repeated measures. In order to assess the meaningfulness of pre-training to post-training changes, the effect size (ES) was calculated according to Cohen's d. All participants in the study accepted and adhered to the WBV session and performed scheduled follow-up measurements. There were no adverse events. Change values for dynamic balance showed a strong trend towards improvement for FRT of about 4.5% (ES=0.52, P=0.161). Change values for RTF (5.9%; ES=0.55; P =0.169) showed a trend towards improvement in the SR-WBV only. The results suggest that stochastic resonance WBV is both safe and well accepted by elderly individuals in assisted living institutions, and might have beneficial effects on balance in these adults. Further research is warranted to determine whether this device might be of use in the skilling-up phase of an exercise program when training is initiated in strongly deconditioned and/or frail elderly. The new training protocol is expected to allow for safe skilling-up training of deconditioned older adults in assisted living institutions.

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“…The performance can also remain unchanged (Andersson et al, 2002;Barra et al, 2006). Three models are currently used to explain these apparently contradictory results: the cross-domain competition model, the U-shaped non-linear interaction model and the task prioritization model (Lacour et al, 2008). In the crossdomain competition model, the limited attentional and processing capacity leads to a division of and thus a competition for the attentional resources between the cognitive and postural tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural control and attentional demand during adolescence

2010

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In the present study we aimed to determine the attentional cost of postural control during adolescence by studying the influence of a cognitive task on concurrent postural control. 38 teenagers aged 12 to 17 years and 13 young adults (mean age = 26.1) stood barefoot on a force platform in a semi-tandem position. A dual-task paradigm consisted of performing a Stroop or a COUNTING BACKWARD task while simultaneously standing quietly on a firm or foam support surface. Different centre of pressure (CoP) measures were calculated (90% confidence ellipse area, mean velocity, root mean square on the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) axes). The number and percentage of correct responses in the cognitive tasks were also recorded. Our results indicate (1) higher values of surface, ML mean velocity and ML RMS in the COUNTING BACKWARD task in adolescents aged 12 to 15 than in teenagers aged 16 to 17 and in adults, regardless of the complexity of the postural task and, (2) better cognitive performances in the Stroop than in the COUNTING BACKWARD task. The difference in the dual-task performance between the different age groups and particularly the existence of a turning point around 14-15 years of age might be due to 1) difficulties in properly allocating attentional resources to two simultaneous tasks and/or, 2) the inability to manage increased cognitive requests because of a limited information processing capacity in adolescents aged 14-15 years. IntroductionAlthough it has often been argued that undisturbed quiet standing is automatically regulated, several studies using dual-task paradigms demonstrated a clear link between the regulation of sway and higher-order processes (Lajoie et al., 1993). Even in young adults, a minimum amount of attention is required to stand upright. The more challenging the postural task (e.g., feet-together or unipedal stance), the greater the required attentional resources (Dault et al., 2001). Cognitive (e.g., reading, counting backward, and spelling words) and postural tasks (e.g., upright stance and one-leg balance) require common cognitive mechanisms that involve a conflicting relationship when both tasks are performed simultaneously (Kerr et al., 1985). Increasing the level of difficulty of the cognitive task involves either increased (Blanchard et al., 2005), decreased (Andersson et al., 2002) or unchanged (Kerr et al., 1985) centre of foot pressure (CoP) excursions. Conversely, the performance of the cognitive task (e.g., backward counting and reaction-time task) can be compromised by a simultaneous control of quiet stance in adults with calf vibration (Andersson et al., 2002), on a beam (Barra et al., 2006) or with suppression or perturbation of sensory information in the elderly . The

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Posture control, aging, and attention resources: Models and posture-analysis methods

Cited by 319 publications

References 65 publications

Dual task interference while walking in chronic stroke survivors

Dual task interference while walking in chronic stroke survivors

Skilling up for training: a feasibility study investigating acute effects of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration on postural control of older adults

Postural control and attentional demand during adolescence

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