Posture-independent sensorimotor analysis of inter-hemispheric receptor asymmetries in neostriatum

Schallert, Timothy; Upchurch, Margaret; Wilcox, Richard E.; Vaughn, Dana M.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(83)90019-9

Cited by 144 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These changes included an increased reactivity to experimenter-imposed displacements of the animal's center of gravity and an increased propensity to use the ipsilateral limb for lateral weight-shifting steps during rearing behaviors. Re-examination of data in the literature led us to find that the speed with which rats will react to remove a small sticky piece of tape placed on the wrist of their ipsilateral forelimbs is also enhanced when compared to unlesioned animals (Schallert et al, 1982(Schallert et al, , 1983. In addition, under some conditions 6-OHDA rats can display a reduced latency to orient towards an ipsilateral perioral stimulus when compared to unlesioned animals (Schallert and Hall, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Enhanced function in the good forelimb of hemi-parkinson rats: Compensatory adaptation for contralateral postural instability?

Woodlee

Kane

Chang

et al. 2008

Experimental Neurology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper we present two new assays of rat motor behavior which can be used to assess function linked to postural stability in each forelimb independently. Postural instability is a major deficit in Parkinson's disease that is resistant to levodopa therapy and contributes to the risk of falling. We applied both tests, one forelimb at a time, to normal rats as well as rats extensively depleted of dopamine by unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, given in the medial forebrain bundle) to produce a hemi-parkinsonian syndrome. The 6-OHDA rats showed severe postural instability in the impaired forelimb, but unexpectedly showed enhanced function in the non-impaired forelimb. The data suggest that the intact hemisphere may undergo rapid reorganization subsequent to unilateral dopamine depletion, which allows for compensatory function of the "intact" limb. Measurements of amphetamine-induced striatal c-fos expression, as well as behavior results gathered when animals were under the influence of apomorphine or haloperidol, indicate that this potential reorganization may require non-dopaminergic neural plasticity. The relevance of these findings for unilateral rat models of neurological disease is discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Enhanced function in the good forelimb of hemi-parkinson rats: Compensatory adaptation for contralateral postural instability?

Woodlee

Kane

Chang

et al. 2008

Experimental Neurology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Others, for example, include forelimb reaching ability, 32,54 -57 tongue extension capacity, 58 forelimb inhibition during swimming, 59,60 postural asymmetry when suspended upside down, 6,61 and grid walking. 10 Meaningful beneficial treatments for stroke may require large functional improvements across a broad range of behavioral tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures for identifying the transition from tactile extinction to obscuration to recovery, potential explanations and the associated early literature have been detailed previously. [3][4][5][6] The two-part procedure described below has been highly useful for assessing the presence and degree of somatosensory asymmetry and its recovery over time, which varies in rate depending on the extent of injury to sensorimotor regions.…”

Section: Sensory Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Very importantly, the rat must be put back into its home cage with the lid replaced, in the normal colony position, because any distraction by novelty will reduce the sensitivity of the test or cause disinterest in the adhesive stimuli, which are relatively less salient than changes to an animal's environment. Preoperatively the rats are very well handled before being given 5 unscored trials on five different days so that they reliably and rapidly remove the stickers.…”

Section: Sensory Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behavioral tests for preclinical intervention assessment

Schallert

2006

NeuroRX

Self Cite

222

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Select functional outcome tests commonly used for evaluating sensorimotor and cognitive capacity in rodents with focal intracerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic injury are described, along with upgrades and issues of concern for translational research. An emphasis is placed on careful quantitative and qualitative assessment of acute and long-term behavioral deficits, and on avoidance of frequent pitfalls. Methods for detecting different degrees of injury and treatment-related improvements are included. Determining the true potential of an intervention requires a set of behavioral analyses that can monitor compensatory learning. In a number of preclinical outcome tests, animals can develop remarkably effective "tricks" that are difficult to detect but frequently lead to dramatic improvements in performance, particularly with repeated practice. However, some interventions may facilitate learning without promoting brain repair, but these may not translate into a meaningful level of benefit in the clinic. Additionally, it is important to determine whether there are any preinjury functional asymmetries in order to accurately assess damage-related changes in behavior. This is illustrated by the fact that some animals have chronic endogenous asymmetries and that others, albeit infrequently, can sustain a spontaneous cerebral stroke, without any experimental induction, that can lead to chronic deficits as reflected by behavioral, imaging, and histological analyses. Finally, a useful new modification of the water maze that involves moving the platform from trial to trial within the target quadrant is reviewed, and its advantages over the standard version are discussed.

show abstract

“…The motor response to sensory stimuli was measured with a stimulation test developed for rats (Marshall and Gotthelf, 1979;Schallert et al, 1983) and adopted for mice (Fleming et al, 2004). Small adhesive stimuli (50 mm 2 ) were placed on the snout of the mouse in their home cages.…”

Section: Adhesive Removal Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CX3CR1 (Fractalkine Receptor) in Brain Damage and Inflammation Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mouse

Dénes

Ferenczi

Halász

et al. 2008

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

252

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CX3CR1 (fractalkine receptor) is important for sustaining normal microglial activity in the brain. Lack of CX3CR1 reportedly results in neurotoxic microglial phenotype in disease models. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the absence of CX3CR1 worsens the outcome in cerebral ischemia. We observed significantly smaller (56%) infarcts and blood-brain barrier damage in CX3CR1-deficient (CX3CR1À/À) animals compared with CX3CR1 + /À and wild-type mice after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). Functional recovery of CX3CR1À/À animals was enhanced, while less number of apoptotic cells and infiltrating leukocytes were found in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Expression of IL-1b mRNA, protein, and interleukin (IL)-1Ra and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a mRNAs was lower in CX3CR1À/À mice, whereas no difference was observed in the number of IL-1b-expressing microglia or plasma IL-1b concentration. We observed early IL-1b expression in astrocytes in vivo after MCAo and after oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro, which might contribute to the ischemic damage. Our findings indicate that lack of CX3CR1 does not result in microglial neurotoxicity after MCAo, but rather significantly reduces ischemic damage and inflammation. Reduced IL-1b and TNFa expression as well as decreased leukocyte infiltration might be involved in the development of smaller infarcts in CX3CR1À/À animals.

show abstract

Posture-independent sensorimotor analysis of inter-hemispheric receptor asymmetries in neostriatum

Cited by 144 publications

References 34 publications

Enhanced function in the good forelimb of hemi-parkinson rats: Compensatory adaptation for contralateral postural instability?

Enhanced function in the good forelimb of hemi-parkinson rats: Compensatory adaptation for contralateral postural instability?

Behavioral tests for preclinical intervention assessment

Role of CX3CR1 (Fractalkine Receptor) in Brain Damage and Inflammation Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mouse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About