Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Contaminants in Water Supplies

Spicher, R. G.; Skrinde, Rolf T.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1963.tb01135.x

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Inadvertent poisoning from potassium permanganate is considered a rare occurrence [454][455][456][457][458]. In spite of its low toxicity, its very high oxidation power enables it to oxidize organic compounds [459][460][461] and eliminate taste and odor in water treatment by oxidizing both inorganic and organic materials that are responsible for taste and odor [462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469][470][471] might make permanganate unsuitable for sealing anodized aluminum products that need to be coated with organic primers and/or coatings after sealing.…”

Section: Toxicity Concerns With Respect To Plausible Strategies For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

2020

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Increasing demands for environmental accountability and energy efficiency in industrial practice necessitates significant modification(s) of existing technologies and development of new ones to meet the stringent sustainability demands of the future. Generally, development of required new technologies and appropriate modifications of existing ones need to be premised on in-depth appreciation of existing technologies, their limitations, and desired ideal products or processes. In the light of these, published literature mostly in the past 30 years on the sealing process; the second highest energy consuming step in aluminum anodization and a step with significant environmental impacts has been critical reviewed in this systematic review. Emphasis have been placed on the need to reduce both the energy input in the anodization process and environmental implications. The implications of the nano-porous structure of the anodic oxide on mass transport and chemical reactivity of relevant species during the sealing process is highlighted with a focus on exploiting these peculiarities, in improving the quality of sealed products. In addition, perspective is provided on plausible approaches and important factors to be considered in developing sealing procedures that can minimize the energy input and environmental impact of the sealing step, and ensure a more sustainable aluminum anodization process/industry.Coatings 2020, 10, 226 2 of 55 sealing methods. Furthermore, the applicability of another hitherto popular sealing process; chromate sealing, is currently limited to essential parts in the aerospace industry due to toxicological, health, and environmental implications traced to Cr(VI) employed in the process [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. On the other hand, the advantages of another industrially utilized sealing process; the nickel fluoride (cold) sealing process is limited by the toxicity of nickel salts which narrows its range of application, and introduces added costs due to post-sealing wastewater treatments and management [17][18][19][20]. Further efforts at sealing anodized aluminum at temperatures lower than that used in hydrothermal (high temperature) sealing, have led to much variety in the chemical constitution and operating temperatures of sealing baths [21]. On the basis of temperature at which the sealing step is carried out, sealing can be classified into three major categories; high temperature, mid-temperature, and room-temperature or cold sealing. In this work sealing at temperatures from 0 to 40 • C is classified as low temperature sealing, from ≥ 40 • C to 70 • C as intermediate or mid temperature sealing, and sealing at temperatures > 70 • C as high temperature sealing.

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Section: Toxicity Concerns With Respect To Plausible Strategies For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

2020

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“…f. Alkaline solutions of potassium permanganate [51] or steam-air decoking [52] are suitable for cleaning carbon (foulant) deposition.…”

Section: B Cleaning With Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Heat Exchanger: Operation and Maintenance to Minimize Fouling and Corrosion

Hou¹,

Kazi²,

Mahat³

et al. 2017

Heat Exchangers - Advanced Features and Applications

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Heat exchanger is equipment used to transfer heat from one fluid to another. It has extensive domestic and industrial applications. Extensive technical literature is available on heat exchanger design, operation and maintenance, but it is widely scattered throughout the industrial bulletins, industrial design codes and standard, technical journals, etc. The purpose of this book chapter is to consolidate into basic background and concepts design of heat exchangers, operation, cleaning and green technology maintenance on heat exchanger closely related to the industrial practices.

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Reevaluation of Granular‐Carbon Filters for Taste and Odor Control

Flentje¹,

Häger²

1964

Journal AWWA

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The availability of regenerable granular activated carbon makes it possible to convert this laboratory technique for producing superior quality water into an economic, practical plant‐scale procedure for processing drinking water in public systems. A “regenerable” activated carbon is capable of being reactivated to restore its adsorptive capacity lost during use. Such regenerable activated carbons can be used over and over again.

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Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Contaminants in Water Supplies

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

The Sealing Step in Aluminum Anodizing: A Focus on Sustainable Strategies for Enhancing Both Energy Efficiency and Corrosion Resistance

Industrial Heat Exchanger: Operation and Maintenance to Minimize Fouling and Corrosion

Reevaluation of Granular‐Carbon Filters for Taste and Odor Control

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