The objective of the work was to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antifungal activities of the essential oils of green and ripe fruits of Citrus limonia. The essential oil was produced from the peel of lemons by hydrodistillation and the percentage yield. The chemical profile performed in a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antifungal activity was carried out in dilutions of the essential oil in reducing the DPPH radical, and by the agar diffusion method. The yield was 2.63 and 3.44%, the major compounds were Limonene 80.05%, 3-Carene 15.12% for the essential oil of green fruits, and Limonene 74.54%, 3-Carene 9.11 and α-Pinene with 8.31% for the ripe fruit essential oil, respectively. The antioxidant activity was between 49.82 to 100%, and 21.23 to 96.39% for green and ripe fruits, respectively. The antifungal activity was 1.08 to 88.17% and 9.17 to 71.45% for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 44.13 to 96.18%, and 6.51 to 93.51% for Colletotrichum acutatum, and 71,94 to 100%, and 25.18 to 90.03% for Aspergillus flavus, respectively, for green and ripe fruits of C. limonia. The essential oil of both maturation periods for Citrus limonia showed an important result as antioxidant and antifungal agents.