“…Known risk factors for failure on hearing screening after birth include family history of hearing loss [8,9], malformations of skull, auricle or face [8,9], secretions in external ear canal [10], epidural anesthesia in cesarean section [11], cesarean section [12,13], 5-min Apgar score <5 [3,14], mechanical ventilation >5 days [13], significant hyperbilirubinemia [13,15], early 1st otoacoustic emissions (OAE) <24 h of age [12,16,17], sepsis and meningitis [8,9], gestational age (GA) <33 weeks [8], congenital cytomegalovirus infection [8], severe asphyxia [8], ototoxic medications [8], male gender [12] and small for gestational age (SGA) status [12]. …”