Potencialidades e limitações do uso da fotografia na pesquisa qualitativa de enfermagem

Abstract

The tradition of using photography in social research goes back to the nineteenth century to the early work of anthropology, which used it to record habits and traditions of exotic populations. Then, sociology, history and psychology, among other disciplines became interested in using photos to register reality and also as a tool to obtain subjective data. The aims of the present study were to identify what is being done using photography in qualitative research in nursing and summarize the potentialities and limitations of such use. A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis of primary studies has been done. It included qualitative research studies done by nurses or about nurses that had used photography on their Method. The terms defined to guide the search were: Photography, Qualitative Research and Nursing. The databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ISI, BVS e SciELO. There was no time limit for publication. The final sample included 31 articles. The results showed the use of photography in the following methods: Photovoice, Photo-Elicitation, Ethnographies and Mixed Methods. The potentialities identified for photography usage were: Emancipation of subjects; Giving voice to vulnerable groups; Better understanding of subjects' situation; Detailed recording of reality; Richness of data obtained; Allowing the subject to review their life experiences; Therapeutic effect in subjects; Proximity between the interviewer and the subject; Giving prominence to the subject; Dissemination of collections and the method acceptance. The limitations identified were: Skill in handling the camera; Family censorship; Invasion of individual and familiar privacy; Risk of data manipulation; Equipment availability; Cost and need for specialized personnel; and Data from secondary sources. With these results, especially when considering the potentialities presented, it is concluded that photography is a useful resource for qualitative research that allows nurses as researchers, to account for the peculiarities of nursing as a social practice, contributing to the empowerment of vulnerable population.

A escola e a construção da identidade de adolescentes autores de ato infracional

“…De posse das câmeras fotográficas, os participantes puderam apoderar-se desta realidade, refletindo sobre a mesma e sobre as mudanças que este contexto trouxe para sua vida (SARTORIO, 2011;STRACK;MAGILL;MCDONAGH, 2004;WANG;BURRIS, 1997). Ao falar sobre as imagens, os sujeitos falam também de si, de suas histórias e de como vivenciam a privação de liberdade.…”