Nursing is at the same time a vocation, a profession and a job. By nature, nursing is a moral endeavor, and being a 'good nurse' is an issue and an aspiration for professionals. The aim of our qualitative research project carried out with 18 nurse teachers at a university nursing school in Brazil was to identify the ethical image of nursing. In semistructured interviews the participants were asked to choose one of several pictures, to justify their choice and explain what they meant by an ethical nurse. Five different perspectives were revealed: good nurses fulfill their duties correctly; they are proactive patient advocates; they are prepared and available to welcome others as persons; they are talented, competent, and carry out professional duties excellently; and they combine authority with power sharing in patient care. The results point to a transition phase from a historical introjection of religious values of obedience and service to a new sense of a secular, proactive, scientific and professional identity.

RESUMO:Estudo empírico, quanti-qualitativo, que buscou identificar e comparar problemas éticos vivenciados por enfermeiros e médicos que atuam na Atenção Básica no município de São Paulo. Por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada pediu-se aos sujeitos que narrassem algum problema ético que tivessem vivido em seu trabalho na Atenção Básica. Os resultados mostraram dificuldade dos profissionais em lidar com questões éticas identificadas por serem amplas, diversificadas e influenciadas pelo contexto social e subjetivo presentes mais intensamente na Atenção Básica. Isto intervém como um obstáculo a mais para a efetivação da prática de uma atenção integral, muitas vezes já comprometida pela fragmentação nas relações profissionais que dificultam o trabalho em equipe e a construção de espaços para discussão de problemas éticos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bioética; Atenção básica; Relações profissional-paciente; Ética profissional. ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: THE PERCEPTION OF NURSES AND DOCTORSABSTRACT: This is an empirical, quanti-qualitative research that aimed to identify and compare ethical problems experienced by nurses and doctors at Primary Care Centers, in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. The participants were asked to tell an ethical problem that they experienced during their work at Primary Care. The problems were analyzed by using an evaluation instrument of ethical problems' occurrence in primary care. The results showed that professionals have difficulty to deal with the ethical issues raised by assistance in a primary care because these problems are broad, diverse and influenced by social and subjective aspects on the caring context. This questions become an obstacle for an effective and comprenhensive healthcare. The quality of healthcare and rare discussion about ethical problems or issues compromises the healh care quality and team work. KEYWORDS: Bioethics; Primary health care; Professional-patient relations; Professional ethics. PROBLEMAS ÉTICOS EN LA ATENCIÓN BÁSICA: LA VISIÓN DE ENFERMEROS Y MÉDICOS RESUMEN:Estudio empírico, cuanti-cualitativo, que buscó identificar y comparar problemas éticos vividos por enfermeros y médicos que actúan en la Atención Básica, en el municipio de São Paulo/ Brasil. Por medio de entrevista semiestructurada se pidió a los participantes que contasen algún problema ético que vivieron en su trabajo en la Atención Básica. Los discursos sufrieron análisis de contenido y los problemas encontrados fueron agrupados con el uso del Instrumento para Evaluación de la Ocurrencia del Problema Ético en la Atención Básica. Los resultados mostraron dificultad en lidiar con cuestiones éticas identificadas por ser amplias, diversificadas e influenciadas por el contexto social y subjetivo presentes de forma más intensa en la atención básica. Esto interviene como obstáculo a más para la efectuación de la práctica de una atención integral, muchas veces ya comprometida por la fragmentación en las relaciones profesionales que dificultan el trabajo en e...

Objective: To evaluate telephone monitoring for symptoms, quality of life, distress, admissions to the emergency center and the satisfaction of cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy and gastrectomy. Method: Randomized controlled study in two groups, carried out at the Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo; the intervention group received telephone monitoring for four moments after the surgery, while the control group received only institutional care. Results: Of the 81 patients evaluated, the domain most affected by quality of life was social relationships domain. Distress had no significant difference between groups and moments. In both groups, admissions to the emergency center were similar (p=0.539). Pain was the most reported symptom in telephone monitoring. There was statistical significance regarding patient satisfaction with monitoring (p=0.002). Conclusion: Telephone monitoring provided greater patient satisfaction in the intervention group, demonstrating the real impact of this process on the care of cancer patients.

The tradition of using photography in social research goes back to the nineteenth century to the early work of anthropology, which used it to record habits and traditions of exotic populations. Then, sociology, history and psychology, among other disciplines became interested in using photos to register reality and also as a tool to obtain subjective data. The aims of the present study were to identify what is being done using photography in qualitative research in nursing and summarize the potentialities and limitations of such use. A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis of primary studies has been done. It included qualitative research studies done by nurses or about nurses that had used photography on their Method. The terms defined to guide the search were: Photography, Qualitative Research and Nursing. The databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, ISI, BVS e SciELO. There was no time limit for publication. The final sample included 31 articles. The results showed the use of photography in the following methods: Photovoice, Photo-Elicitation, Ethnographies and Mixed Methods. The potentialities identified for photography usage were: Emancipation of subjects; Giving voice to vulnerable groups; Better understanding of subjects' situation; Detailed recording of reality; Richness of data obtained; Allowing the subject to review their life experiences; Therapeutic effect in subjects; Proximity between the interviewer and the subject; Giving prominence to the subject; Dissemination of collections and the method acceptance. The limitations identified were: Skill in handling the camera; Family censorship; Invasion of individual and familiar privacy; Risk of data manipulation; Equipment availability; Cost and need for specialized personnel; and Data from secondary sources. With these results, especially when considering the potentialities presented, it is concluded that photography is a useful resource for qualitative research that allows nurses as researchers, to account for the peculiarities of nursing as a social practice, contributing to the empowerment of vulnerable population.