Potency and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gallium-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Scaffold as Hemostatic Agents

Abstract

Chitosan-based hemostats are promising candidates for immediate hemorrhage control. However, they have some disadvantages and require further improvement to achieve the desired hemostatic efficiency. Here, a series of 1% GaO-containing mesoporous bioactive glass-chitosan composite scaffolds (Ga-MBG/CHT) were constructed by the lyophilization process and the effect of various concentrations of Ga-MBG (10, 30, and 50 wt %) on the hemostatic function of the CHT scaffold was assessed as compared to that of Celox Rapid gauze (CXR), a current commercially available chitosan-coated hemostatic gauze. The prepared scaffolds exhibited >79% porosity and showed increased water uptake compared to that in CXR. The results of coagulation studies showed that pure CHT and composite scaffolds exhibited increased hemostatic performance with respect to CXR. Furthermore, the composite scaffold with the highest Ga-MBG content (50 wt %) had increased capability to enhancing thrombus generation, blood clotting, and platelet adhesion and aggregation than that of the scaffold made of pure CHT. The antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of the prepared scaffolds were also assessed by a time-killing assay and an Alamar Blue assay, respectively. Our results show that the antibacterial effect of 50% Ga-MBG/CHT was more pronounced than that of CHT and CXR. The cell viability results also demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CHT composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility, which facilitates the spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells even with 50 wt % Ga-MBG loading. These results suggest that Ga-MBG/CHT scaffolds could be a promising hemostatic candidate for improving hemostasis in critical situations.

Chitosan-Based Composite Materials for Prospective Hemostatic Applications

“…On the basis, Ga-MBG/CS composite scaffolds containing various concentrations of Ga-MBG were constructed using the lyophilization method and their properties and hemostatic efficacy were assessed [31]. The results demonstrated that Ga-MBG/CS scaffolds with high porosity exhibited increased water uptake compared to that of commercially available Celox rapid gauze (CXR).…”

Acetate chitosan with CaCO3 doping form tough hydrogel for hemostasis and wound healing

“…So, the clotting ability of acetate chitosan and acetate chitosan/CaCO 3 hydrogels was assessed by determining absorbance of the supernatant of the nonclotted blood at 540 nm. The lower absorbance reflects less hemoglobin in the sample and therefore indicated a higher coagulation rate . As shown in Figure , the absorbance of acetate chitosan/CaCO 3 hydrogels was much lower than that of single acetate chitosan hydrogels.…”

“…The lower absorbance reflects less hemoglobin in the sample and therefore indicated a higher coagulation rate. 39 As shown in Figure 8, the absorbance of acetate chitosan/CaCO 3 hydrogels was much lower than that of single acetate chitosan hydrogels. The results indicated that the acetate chitosan/ CaCO 3 hydrogels exhibited a higher clotting ability.…”

Thermal treatment stimulus on erythrocyte compatibility and hemostatic behavior of one‐dimensional bioactive nanostructures

“…Quana et al (2015) proved that ultrafast absorption of cross‐linked graphene sheets provided rapid hemostasis. In another study, Pourshahrestani et al (2017) displayed comparatively decreased absorption and superior hemostatic performances while increasing the percentage of gallium in bioglass network. Similarly, in our case, 800‐3h absorption rate is less compared with 550‐3h, as it showed acceptable hemostatic behavior that was further confirmed by thrombus formation assay.…”

“…According to previously reported explanations, it is understood that the material which could be able to release higher Ca 2+ and subsequent interaction with blood can arrest the functions and generates clot. Ca 2+ ions contribution to activate intrinsic pathway is phenomenal, but it also plays the role toward the acceleration of thrombin shadowed by fibrin (Dai et al, 2009; Pourshahrestani et al, 2017).…”