Potential and Applications of Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals

Abstract

During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug products. These advantages include better specificity, potency, targeting abilities, and reduced side effects. Despite the substantial clinical and commercial success, the macromolecular structure and intrinsic instability of biopharmaceuticals make their formulation and administration challenging and render parenteral delivery as the only viable option in most cases. The use of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of biopharmaceuticals is essential due to their practical benefits such as protecting from degradation in a hostile physiological environment, enhancing plasma half-life and retention time, facilitating absorption through the epithelium, providing site-specific delivery, and improving access to intracellular targets. In the current review, we highlight the clinical and commercial success of biopharmaceuticals and the overall applications and potential of nanocarriers in biopharmaceuticals delivery. Effective applications of nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals delivery via invasive and noninvasive routes (oral, pulmonary, nasal, and skin) are presented here. The presented data undoubtedly demonstrate the great potential of combining nanocarriers with biopharmaceuticals to improve healthcare products in the future clinical landscape. In conclusion, nanocarriers are promising delivery tool for the hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and gene- and cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions.

Particle and Gel Characterization of Irinotecan-Loaded Double-Reverse Thermosensitive Hydrogel

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Synthesis of Ziziphus spina-christi (Jujube) Root Methanol Extract Loaded Functionalized Silver Nanoparticle (ZS-Ag-NPs); Physiochemical Characterization and Effect of ZS-Ag-NPs on Adipocyte Maturation, Adipokine and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Interaction

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“…Many of the natural products have rigorously restricted their development, because of their membrane permeability, surface properties, and bioavailability [10]. However, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles loaded with plant materials can functionalize the materials, reduce capture by the reticuloendothelial system, and increase the systemic circulation of nanomedicines [11]. Previously, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using isoorientin, a natural flavonoid, led to the formation of nanoparticles characterized by high stability after gastrointestinal digestion, low cytotoxicity and inhibition potentials against αglucosidase and pancreatic lipase [12].…”

A Review on Recent Advancement on Age-Related Hearing Loss: The Applications of Nanotechnology, Drug Pharmacology, and Biotechnology

“…This poses the following several challenges: the pharmacokinetics of the drug, and the inner ear locational difficulty. Microencapsulation and nanotechnology in drug delivery are known for their ability to improve delivery outcomes for unfavourable drug delivery profiles of pharmaceuticals, making them potential options for improving the delivery outcomes of metformin and probucol [ 95 , 96 ].…”