Potential antagonistic rhizobacteria to control Colletotrichum scovillei, the cause of anthracnose disease in chili pepper

Abstract

Abstract. Darmadi AAK, Suprapta DN, Khalimi K. 2020. Potential antagonistic rhizobacteria to control Colletotrichum scovillei, the cause of anthracnose disease in chili pepper. Biodiversitas 21: 2727-2734. Six species of Colletotrichum were identified as the cause of anthracnose disease on Bali Island, Indonesia in 2018. These species were C. scovillei, C. acutatum, C. nymphaeae, C. gloesporioides, C. truncatum, and C. fructicola. Among them, C. scovillei was the most prevalent at 55% of all samples tested. This study was conducted to find potential antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from various rhizospheres of plants grown in Bali. A total of 1,040 rhizobacteria isolates were tested for their antagonistic activity against the growth of C. scovillei on potato dextrose agar. Results showed that 10 isolates inhibited the growth of C. scovillei by more than 80%. Among these isolates C1 and C7B possessed inhibitory activity at 94.9% and 94.3%, respectively. Molecular identification based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that isolate C1 belonged to the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, whereas isolate C7B was identified as Bacillus siamensis. According to scanning electron serious damage on mycelia of C. scovillei was observed. Wrinkles were observed on mycelia of C. scovillei grown jointly with rhizobacterial isolate C1, whereas no wrinkle was observed on C. scovillei grown solely. Three compounds were detected in the hexane phase of cell-free filtrate P. polymyxa C1, namely, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol. These compounds may be responsible for antifungal activity against C. scovillei.

Biocontrol of Anthracnose Disease on Chili Pepper Using a Formulation Containing Paenibacillus polymyxa C1

“…In our previous study we detected three compounds in the cell-free filtrate of P. polymixa C1: 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2, 3-Butanediol, and 2, 3-Butanediol (Darmadi et al, 2020). Other researchers proved that 3-hydroxy-2-butanone is a volatile compound with antifungal activity (Lim et al, 2017).…”

“…Scanning electron microscopy showed that serious damage on the mycelia of C. scovillei was observed. Wrinkles were observed on the mycelia of C. scovillei grown side by side with P. polymyxa C1, whereas no such wrinkle was observed on C. scovillei grown alone (Darmadi et al, 2020). A study done by Shahbazi et al (2014) showed that antagonistic Streptomyces rochei strain P14 caused hyphal tip lyses, folding back, stunted mycelium, disintegrated hyphae, and curling of hyphae on Colletotrichum, the cause of anthracnose on chili pepper.…”

“…Pseudomonas stutzeri produced extracellular chitinase enzyme and laminarinase that were able to decompose the mycelia of Fusarium solani (Mauch et al, 1988). Our previous study showed that two species of antagonist, namely Paenibacillus polymyxa C1 and Bacillus siamensis C7B, were proven to possess strong antifungal activities against C. scovillei (Darmadi et al, 2020).…”

Piper betel Crude Leaf Extracts with HOCl (Formulated by Natural Oxygenated Water) as Plant Pathogenic Fungi Control

“…The crudes extract with HOCl was more potent agains Fusarium spp. Other study also found the methanolic P. betel extract also act against Fusarium oxysporu f.sp vanilla at MIC 3000 µg/ml [43] Recently, Fusarium spp. has emerged as one of the most concerned fungi as it is not just a soil pathogen, but the Fusarium conidia can be disseminated by water in rain splashes and irrigation systems, and have the ability to become airborne when dried, leaving them well-suited for long-distance atmospheric dissemination and contributing to global concern [44].…”

Microbial biocontrol agents against chilli plant pathogens over synthetic pesticides: a review

“…Similar results were reported bySundaramoorthy et al (2012) wherein the synthesis of phytolaexins by Bacillus subtilis induced systemic resistance against wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani in chilli. Cell free supernatant of Paenibacillus polymyxa containing 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanediol showed wrinkles on mycelia of Colletotrichum scovillei which causes anthracnose in chilli(Suprapta et al 2020). Antimicrobial compound Phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed deformation of mycelia and inhibition of sporulation thus inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogen Colletotrichum capsici causative agent of fruit rot in chilli(Kumar et al 2005).…”