Potential Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Time-Kill Kinetic Essay and Ultrastructure of Pathogenic Bacterial Cells

Abstract

Mycosynthesis of nanoparticle (NP) production is a potential ecofriendly technology for large scale production. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been synthesized from the live cell filtrate of the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. The created CuONPs were characterized via several techniques, namely Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the biosynthesized CuONPs were performed against biofilm forming Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 51,983, Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11,778. The anti-bacterial activity result was shown with the zone of inhibition determined to be 14 ± 0.31 mm, 16 ± 0.53 mm, 11 ± 0.57 mm, and 10 ± 0.57 mm respectively. Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia coli were more susceptible to CuONPs with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values 6.25 and 3.12 µg/mL, respectively, while for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, MIC value was 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) result was more evident, that the CuONPs have excellent anti-biofilm activity at sub-MIC levels reducing biofilm formation by 49% and 59% against Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia coli, while the results indicated that the MBIC of CuONPs on Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus was higher than 200 μg/mL and 256 μg/mL, respectively, suggesting that these CuONPs could not inhibit mature formatted biofilm of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Overall, all the results were clearly confirmed that the CuONPs have excellent anti-biofilm ability against Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia coli. The prepared CuONPs offer a smart approach for biomedical therapy of resistant microorganisms because of its promoted antimicrobial action, but only for specified purposes.

Biogenic Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Seed Kernel of Mangifera indica and Their Antibacterial Potential against Shigella spp.

“…In S. flexneri S1 strain, highest inhibition of 54.8% was recorded at 200 µg/mL at 48 h, while lowest reduction of 26.3% was observed at 50 µg/mL concentration of MK-AgNPs. Similarly, strains S2, S3, and S4 treated with 200 µg/mL of synthesized AgNPs resulted in highest inhibition of 54.1%, 58.6%, and 59.5%, respectively, at 48 h. Antimicrobial activity of M. indica against Shigella is well-documented [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The MIC of MK-AgNPs against four antibiotic-resistant Shigella strains was determined using microbroth dilution method in a 96-well microtiter plate.…”

An Explorative Review on Advanced Approaches to Overcome Bacterial Resistance by Curbing Bacterial Biofilm Formation

“…244 Secondly, the larger surface area of nanoparticles enhances surface reactivity and increases the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action. 245 Enhanced antibiofilm activity and a larger surface area have been verified in silica nanoparticles, 246 metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as copper oxide nanoparticles, 247 ferrite nanoparticles, 248 silver nanoparticles, 249 and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. 250 Other factors related to the NPs also contribute to the antibiofilm action of NPs, such as hydrophobicity, shape, and surface charge.…”

A mini review on green nanotechnology and its development in biological effects

“…Nanoparticles, the fundamental units of nanotechnology, have a size between 1 and 100 nm. Due to their fundamental and technological relevance, metal nano-particles including gold, zinc, silver, selenium, and copper have recently attracted a lot of attention (Abdelghany et al 2022 ; Soliman et al 2022b ; Salem et al 2020 , 2021 ; Shehabeldine 2022a , b ). Metal sulfide nanoparticles have received a lot of interest due to their remarkable characteristics and prospective uses in electrical, optical, and optoelectronic devices.…”