Potential applications of geopolymer concrete in construction: A review

Almutairi, Ahmad L.; Tayeh, Bassam A.; Adesina, Adeyemi; Isleem, Haytham F.; Zeyad, Abdullah M.

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00733

Cited by 192 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 154 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The phenomenon is attributable mainly to the greater surface area available for chemical reactions. The smaller particles have a larger surface area in comparison to the volume and, thus, higher reactivity, including the rate of dissolution of the monomers, i.e., silicate and aluminate, consequently showing a more effective geopolymerization process [75][76][77][78]. Furthermore, the porosity is the lowest at the smallest particle size and the voids can be better filled within fine particles, leading to denser and stronger geopolymer products [79].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, one very dynamic development of 3D printing technology is required in the construction industry. However, the full implementation of this technology requires the optimization of the entire process, starting from the design of printing ideas, and ending with the development and implementation of new materials. The article presents, for the first time, the development of hybrid materials based on a geopolymer or ordinary Portland cement matrix that can be used for various 3D concrete-printing methods. Raw materials used in the research were defined by particle size distribution, specific surface area, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, radioactivity tests, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and leaching. The geopolymers, concrete, and hybrid samples were described according to compressive strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance. The study also evaluates the influence of the liquid-to-solid ratio on the properties of geopolymers, based on fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). Printing tests of the analyzed mixtures were also carried out and their suitability for various applications related to 3D printing technology was assessed. Geopolymers and hybrids based on a geopolymer matrix with the addition of 5% cement resulted in the final materials behaving similarly to a non-Newtonian fluid. Without additional treatments, this type of material can be successfully used to fill the molds. The hybrid materials based on cement with a 5% addition of geopolymer, based on both FA and MK, enabled precise detail printing.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) the formulation of aggregates [75][76][77][78]80]; and (3) specific modifications, including reinforcing additives [59,121], agents controlling the geopolymer macrostructure [58,59], and curing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A comprehensive review of alkali-activated geopolymers was conducted by Almutairi et al [ 5 ], according to their study, multiple aluminosilicate wastes, such as red mud, ground granulated blast slag, rice husk ash, fly ash and glass powder can be used as raw materials for the alkali-activated cement. Moreover, the resulting material will exhibit high chemical stability and an 80% reduction in CO 2 emissions compared with their main competitor (OPC-based materials).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRD and TG-DTA Study of New Phosphate-Based Geopolymers with Coal Ash or Metakaolin as Aluminosilicate Source and Mine Tailings Addition

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coal ash-based geopolymers with mine tailings addition activated with phosphate acid were synthesized for the first time at room temperature. In addition, three types of aluminosilicate sources were used as single raw materials or in a 1/1 wt. ratio to obtain five types of geopolymers activated with H3PO4. The thermal behaviour of the obtained geopolymers was studied between room temperature and 600 °C by Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and the phase composition after 28 days of curing at room temperature was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During heating, the acid-activated geopolymers exhibited similar behaviour to alkali-activated geopolymers. All of the samples showed endothermic peaks up to 300 °C due to water evaporation, while the samples with mine tailings showed two significant exothermic peaks above 400 °C due to oxidation reactions. The phase analysis confirmed the dissolution of the aluminosilicate sources in the presence of H3PO4 by significant changes in the XRD patterns of the raw materials and by the broadening of the peaks because of typically amorphous silicophosphate (Si–P), aluminophosphate (Al–P) or silico-alumino-phosphate (Si–Al–P) formation. The phases resulted from geopolymerisation are berlinite (AlPO4), brushite (CaHPO4∙2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4) or ettringite as AFt and AFm phases.

show abstract

“…Geopolymer, as some novel binder materials, due to its excellent engineering properties of high strength, high temperature resistance, weather resistance, low permeability, and acid corrosion resistance [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], has been studied extensively. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is composed of aggregates and alkali-activated aluminosilicate materials, such as aluminosilicate materials including fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Sulfuric Acid Corrosion of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Different Binding Materials and Alkali Concentrations

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geopolymer binder is expected to be an optimum alternative to Portland cement due to its excellent engineering properties of high strength, acid corrosion resistance, low permeability, good chemical resistance, and excellent fire resistance. To study the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) with different binding materials and concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), metakaolin, high-calcium fly ash, and low-calcium fly ash were chosen as binding materials of GPC for the geopolymerization process. A mixture of sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3) and NaOH solution with different concentrations (8 M and 12 M) was selected as the alkaline activator with a ratio (Na2SiO3/NaOH) of 1.5. GPC specimens were immersed in the sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 1 for 6 days and then naturally dried for 1 day until 98 days. The macroscopic properties of GPC were characterized by visual appearance, compressive strength, mass loss, and neutralization depth. The materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The results indicated that at the immersion time of 28 d, the compressive strength of two types of fly ash-based GPC increased to some extent due to the presence of gypsum, but this phenomenon was not observed in metakaolin-based GPC. After 98 d of immersion, the residual strength of fly ash based GPC was still higher, which reached more than 25 MPa, while the metakaolin-based GPC failed. Furthermore, due to the rigid 3D networks of aluminosilicate in fly ash-based GPC, the mass of all GPC decreased slightly during the immersion period, and then tended to be stable in the later period. On the contrary, in metakaolin-based GPC, the incomplete geopolymerization led to the compressive strength being too low to meet the application of practical engineering. In addition, the compressive strength of GPC activated by 12 M NaOH was higher than the GPC activated by 8 M NaOH, which is owing to the formation of gel depended on the concentration of alkali OH ion, low NaOH concentration weakened chemical reaction, and reduced compressive strength. Additionally, according to the testing results of neutralization depth, the neutralization depth of high-calcium fly ash-based GPC activated by 12 M NaOH suffered acid attack for 98 d was only 6.9 mm, which is the minimum value. Therefore, the best performance was observed in GPC prepared with high-calcium fly ash and 12 M NaOH solution, which is attributed to gypsum crystals that block the pores of the specimen and improve the microstructure of GPC, inhibiting further corrosion of sulfuric acid.

show abstract

Potential applications of geopolymer concrete in construction: A review

Cited by 192 publications

References 154 publications

Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

Hybrid Materials Based on Fly Ash, Metakaolin, and Cement for 3D Printing

XRD and TG-DTA Study of New Phosphate-Based Geopolymers with Coal Ash or Metakaolin as Aluminosilicate Source and Mine Tailings Addition

Resistance to Sulfuric Acid Corrosion of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Different Binding Materials and Alkali Concentrations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About