Potential Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Dental, and Implant Applications

Rokaya, Dinesh; Srimaneepong, Viritpon; Thunyakitpisal, Pasutha; Qin, Jiaqian; Rosa, Vinícius; Sapkota, Janak

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52207-0_4

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Complementarily, graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanomaterial obtained from the exfoliation-oxidation of graphite, has been incorporated into chitosan hydrogels and scaffolds to form nanocomposites that further improve mechanical properties [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. GO is biocompatible, biodegradable, antibacterial, physiologically stable, and sensitive to temperature and pH changes to elicit drug release, but several reports have also discussed its promising potential as reinforcement to enhance mechanical response and colloidal stability, mimic tissue microenvironments, and promote bone regeneration [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Moreover, the abundance of oxygen-rich functional groups on its surface makes it suitable for relatively simple chemical functionalization schemes and protein adsorption [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of an Injectable and Photo-Responsive Chitosan Methacrylate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Adhesion and Repair

et al. 2021

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As life expectancy continues to increase, the inevitable weakening and rupture of bone tissue have grown as concerns in the medical community, thus leading to the need for adhesive materials suitable for bone repair applications. However, current commercially available adhesives face certain drawbacks that prevent proper tissue repair, such as low biocompatibility, poor adhesion to wet surfaces, and the need for high polymerization temperatures. This work aims to develop an injectable and photo-responsive chitosan methacrylate/graphene oxide (ChiMA/GO) adhesive nanocomposite hydrogel of high biocompatibility that is easy to apply by simple extrusion and that offers the possibility for in situ polymer and physiological temperatures. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized spectroscopically, microscopically, rheologically, thermally, and through mechanical, textural, and biological assays to fully evaluate its correct synthesis and functionalization and its performance under physiological conditions that mimic those observed in vivo. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation was used to evaluate its performance in femur fractures. Results suggest the material’s potential as a bioadhesive, as it can polymerize at room temperature, shows superior stability in physiological media, and is capable of withstanding loads from body weight and movement. Moreover, the material showed remarkable biocompatibility as evidenced by low hemolytic and intermediate platelet aggregation tendencies, and high cytocompatibility when in contact with osteoblasts. The comprehensive studies presented here strongly suggest that the developed hydrogels are promising alternatives to conventional bone adhesives that might be further tested in vivo in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of an Injectable and Photo-Responsive Chitosan Methacrylate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Adhesion and Repair

et al. 2021

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“…More recently, the focus has shifted to the nanoscale level. The observation that a micron-scale rough surface prepared by grit blasting and subsequent hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment presented a superimposed nanotopography suggested that nanoscale modifications could alter adhered cellular activity or tissue responses leading to greater osteogenesis [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentin Matrix Protein 1 on Titanium Surface Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells

et al. 2021

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Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, and a DNA binding domain, and has been shown to play essential regulatory function in dentin and bone mineralization. DMP1 could also orchestrate bone matrix formation, but the ability of DMP1 on Ti to human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) conversion to osteoblasts has not been studied. There is importance to test if the DMP1 coated Ti surface would promote cell migration and attachment to the metal surface and promote the differentiation of the attached stem cells to an osteogenic lineage. This study aimed to study the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attachment and proliferation on DMP1 coated titanium (Ti) disks compared to non-coated disks, and to assess possible osteoblastic differentiation of attached hMSCs. Sixty-eight Ti disks were divided into two groups. Group 1 disks were coated with dentin matrix protein 1 and group 2 disks served as control. Assessment with light microscopy was used to verify hMSC attachment and proliferation. Cell viability was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to study the gene expression. The proliferation assay showed significantly greater cell proliferation with DMP1 coated disks compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Cell vitality analysis showed a greater density of live cells on DMP1 coated disks compared to the control group. Alkaline phosphatase staining revealed higher enzyme activity on DMP1 coated disks and showed itself to be significantly higher than the control group (p-value < 0.001). von Kossa staining revealed higher positive areas for mineralized deposits on DMP1 coated disks than the control group (p-value < 0.05). Gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase on DMP1 coated disks (p-value < 0.001). The dentin matrix protein promoted the adhesion, proliferation, facilitation differentiation of hMSC, and mineralized matrix formation.

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“…A flat, 2D, sheet of graphene is single to multi-layered while graphene 3D structures can be produced to take various forms (flakes, foams, shells, and hierarchical structures) [ 32 , 35 ]. A graphene film may be comprised of a monolayer, bilayer, or multi-layer.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application

Srimaneepong

Skallevold

Khurshid

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Graphene is a versatile compound with several outstanding properties, providing a combination of impressive surface area, high strength, thermal and electrical properties, with a wide array of functionalization possibilities. This review aims to present an introduction of graphene and presents a comprehensive up-to-date review of graphene as an antimicrobial and coating application in medicine and dentistry. Available articles on graphene for biomedical applications were reviewed from January 1957 to August 2020) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The selected articles were included in this study. Extensive research on graphene in several fields exists. However, the available literature on graphene-based coatings in dentistry and medical implant technology is limited. Graphene exhibits high biocompatibility, corrosion prevention, antimicrobial properties to prevent the colonization of bacteria. Graphene coatings enhance adhesion of cells, osteogenic differentiation, and promote antibacterial activity to parts of titanium unaffected by the thermal treatment. Furthermore, the graphene layer can improve the surface properties of implants which can be used for biomedical applications. Hence, graphene and its derivatives may hold the key for the next revolution in dental and medical technology.

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Potential Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Biomedical, Dental, and Implant Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 146 publications

Preparation and Characterization of an Injectable and Photo-Responsive Chitosan Methacrylate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Adhesion and Repair

Preparation and Characterization of an Injectable and Photo-Responsive Chitosan Methacrylate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Adhesion and Repair

Dentin Matrix Protein 1 on Titanium Surface Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells

Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application

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