Potential benefits of ginseng against COVID-19 by targeting inflammasomes

Panax ginseng as a potential therapeutic for neurological disorders associated with COVID-19; Toward targeting inflammasome

“…The non-saponins have various physiological and pharmacological features, such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities [ 65 ]. Recent studies have shown that non-saponin and its components may regulate the activation of inflammasome in various pathological environments [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ] ( Table 1 ).…”

“…P. ginseng and its ingredients have various beneficial mechanisms including neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties [ 18 ]. Recent reports have suggested that P. ginseng may improve health status by regulating inflammasome activity in various pathological environments such as viral infection and neurological dysfunction [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ].…”

The relationship of skin disorders, COVID-19, and the therapeutic potential of ginseng: a review

“…Ginseng suppresses hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Further, Rb1, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rd, Re, Rh1, 25-OCH3-PPD, and compound K in P. ginseng can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation [ 59 ]. Jhun et al showed that RGE specifically has regulatory effects on Th17 cells and that treatment with RGE reduced the number of Th17 cells [ 60 ].…”

Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis

“…Panax vietnamensis has been widely cultivated in Korea, China, USA, Canada, and Vietnam (Shim et al 2021 ). The pharmacological benefits of ginseng include the treatment of inflammation (Hofseth and Wargovich 2007 ; Saba et al 2018 ; Yang et al 2022 ), diabetics, cancer (Jin et al 2016 ; Wang et al 2016 ; Ahuja et al 2018 ; Kim et al 2021a ), neurological ailments (Mohanan et al 2018 ; Kim et al 2018a ; Huang et al 2019 ; Li et al 2021 ), influenza A (Yoo et al 2012 ; Lee et al 2014 ), and even coronavirus disease 2019 (Ratan et al 2021 ; Yi 2022 ). Among the various metabolites in ginseng, triterpenoid saponins are the key active components responsible for the medicinal properties of ginseng, and more than 150 types of ginsenoside saponins have been characterized (Mohanan et al 2018 ).…”