Potential clinical applications of exosomes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review

Chen, Xuyang; Luo, Qi

doi:10.21037/atm-22-619

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“… 48 Exosomal miRNA-486 inhibits the expression of PTEN , which codes for a tumor-suppressing enzyme and can help decrease the level of cell death after cardiac ischemia or reperfusion injury. 47 , 59 …”

Section: Cardiac Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease

Kim,

Mesquita,

Hochman-Mendez

2023

Texas Heart Institute Journal

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease are crucial for patient survival and long-term health. Despite advances in cardiovascular disease biomarkers, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to increase worldwide as the global population ages. To address this problem, novel biomarkers that are more sensitive and specific to cardiovascular diseases must be developed and incorporated into clinical practice. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. These small vesicles are produced and released into body fluids by all cells and carry specific information that can be correlated with disease progression. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of existing biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac troponin and cytokines, and discusses recent evidence suggesting the promise of exosomes as cardiovascular disease biomarkers.

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Section: Cardiac Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease

Kim,

Mesquita,

Hochman-Mendez

2023

Texas Heart Institute Journal

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“…However certain miRNAs including miR-423-5p [237], miR-499 [235], and miR-29b [239] essentially for AMI. miR-122 andmiR-199a [240] have elevated expression and miR-145 [241], miR-146a [242], miR-30c/d show downregulation that acts as diagnostic marker for CAD [243]. In contrast, miR-21, miR-199a miR-27a, and miR-30c/d show elevated levels, thus having a diagnostic potential of cardiac hypertrophy [244,245].…”

Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Exosomes – The Surreptitious Intercellular Messengers in the Body

Soni¹,

Jangra²,

Chaudhary³

et al. 2023

Exosomes - Recent Advances From Bench to Bedside

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Exosomes are secret intercellular messengers in the body, carrying crucial information from different organs. Different cargos can be packaged in exosomes including DNA, RNA, and proteins. The type of exosomal cargo can vary according to the tissue type, its pathophysiological state, and circadian rhythm. Therefore, exosomes have an immense potential to be utilized for diagnostic purposes if the conundrum of their cargo can be understood. Recent advances in exosome isolation and characterization have made it possible to define disease-specific cargo carried by these tiny messengers. We attempt to highlight disease-relevant exosomal cargos for diagnostic purposes.

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“…(A detailed discussion of miRNAs as a cell-free approach is provided in a separate subsection). The study of Chen et al further proved the positive impact of MSC-derived exosomes, which in the performed experiment preserved myocardial structure and slowed down cardiac remodeling in a mice model of cardiac hypertrophy during pressure overload [ 174 ].…”

Section: Cell-free Therapy For MImentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options?

Csöbönyeiová

Beerová

Klein

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles—exosomes—released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.

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Potential clinical applications of exosomes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review

Cited by 13 publications

References 113 publications

New Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease

New Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease

Perspective Chapter: Exosomes – The Surreptitious Intercellular Messengers in the Body

Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options?

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