Potential contribution of pineal atrophy and pineal cysts toward vulnerability and clinical characteristics of psychosis

Takahashi, Tsutomu; Sasabayashi, Daiki; Takayanagi, Yoichiro; Higuchi, Yuko; Mizukami, Yuko; Akasaki, Yukiko; Nishiyama, Shimako; Furuichi, Atsushi; Pham, Tien Viet; Kobayashi, Haruko; Noguchi, Kyo; Suzuki, Michio

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102805

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As summarized in Table 1 , 63 schizophrenia patients, 57 individuals with ARMS, and 61 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Recruitment strategies (e.g., inclusion/exclusion criteria) and sample characteristics were fully described elsewhere ( 16 , 23 ); none of the participants had a history of serious medical issues (e.g., thyroid disease, diabetes, and serious head injury), severe obstetric complications, or substance abuse. A clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia was confirmed at Toyama University Hospital by experienced psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders Patient Edition ( 24 ) and that of ARMS using the Comprehensive Assessment of ARMS ( 13 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As detailed previously ( 16 , 23 ), all subjects were scanned by a 3.0-tesla MR scanner (Magnetom Verio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) at Toyama University Hospital; a 3-D MPRAGE sequence was applied to obtain T1-weighted 1.2-mm consecutive sagittal images with a voxel size of 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.2 mm. The following parameters were used: TR/TE = 2300/2.9 ms, flip angle = 9°, field of view = 256 mm, and matrix = 256 × 256 pixels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical variations in the insular cortex in individuals at a clinical high-risk state for psychosis and patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2023

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IntroductionSince the number of insular gyri is higher in schizophrenia patients, it has potential as a marker of early neurodevelopmental deviations. However, it currently remains unknown whether the features of the insular gross anatomy are similar between schizophrenia patients and individuals at risk of psychosis. Furthermore, the relationship between anatomical variations in the insular cortex and cognitive function has not yet been clarified.MethodsThe gross anatomical features (i.e., the number of gyri and development pattern of each gyrus) of the insular cortex were examined using magnetic resonance imaging, and their relationships with clinical characteristics were investigated in 57 subjects with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) and 63 schizophrenia patients in comparison with 61 healthy controls.ResultsThe number of insular gyri bilaterally in the anterior subdivision was higher in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups than in the control group. The schizophrenia group was also characterized by a higher number of insular gyri in the left posterior subdivision. A well-developed right middle short insular gyrus was associated with symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients, whereas chronic schizophrenia patients with a well-developed left accessory gyrus were characterized by less severe cognitive impairments in motor and executive functions. The features of the insular gross anatomy were not associated with clinical characteristics in the ARMS group.DiscussionThe features of the insular gross anatomy that were shared in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups may reflect a vulnerability to psychosis that may be attributed to anomalies in the early stages of neurodevelopment. However, the contribution of the insular gross anatomy to the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia may differ according to illness stages.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical variations in the insular cortex in individuals at a clinical high-risk state for psychosis and patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, melatonin is advantageous due to its low cost, minimal side effects, lack of drug interactions, and easy availability (Moon, Kim, Partonen, & Linnaranta, 2022). Imaging studies have revealed that patients with schizophrenia exhibit more severe pineal gland calcification and smaller parenchymal volume, suggesting a potential link between pineal gland calcification and the regulation of schizophrenia by melatonin (Takahashi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Links between Pineal Gland Calcification and Central Nervous System Disease

Liu,

Liu

2023

Human Brain

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Central nervous system disease is globally common with dysfunction of the brain and spinal cord, which significantly affects the quality of life, such as sleep disturbances. Pineal gland is pivotal in regulating sleep cycles and circadian rhythms. And melatonin, secreted by pineal gland, promotes neurodevelopment and maintains neurohomeostasis, which is also pivotal in the modulation of central nervous system disorders. In recent years, studies have found that patients with central nervous system damage often have degeneration of the pineal gland, characterized by a decrease in pineal gland volume, reduced melatonin secretion, and even parenchymal calcification. An increasing number of Alzheimer's disease patients have been observed to exhibit pineal gland calcification. Research suggests that sleep disturbances accompanying central nervous system disorders can be attributed to the degeneration of pineal gland function, indicating a potential contribution of gland calcification to central nervous system diseases. Here, we review the recent research on pineal gland calculi and discuss the potential relationship between pineal gland calcification and various central nervous system diseases, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.

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Pineal volume reduction as the neural correlate of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis

Matsuoka

Imai

Narumoto

2022

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

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Potential contribution of pineal atrophy and pineal cysts toward vulnerability and clinical characteristics of psychosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Anatomical variations in the insular cortex in individuals at a clinical high-risk state for psychosis and patients with schizophrenia

Anatomical variations in the insular cortex in individuals at a clinical high-risk state for psychosis and patients with schizophrenia

Exploring Links between Pineal Gland Calcification and Central Nervous System Disease

Pineal volume reduction as the neural correlate of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis

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