Potential effect of secondary metabolites in Persea americana seeds as an ?-amylase inhibitor on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease that has a high prevalence in the world. The development of plants with medicinal potential is an alternative to control blood sugar levels in T2DM disease, such as avocado (Persea americana). Persea americana seeds contain secondary metabolites that have anti-diabetic activity, but their bioavailability is low.Aim: This study aims to review various secondary metabolites in Persea americana seeds that can reduce blood glucose levels in α-amylase pathway along with the type of potential encapsulation as a delivery system. Review: Secondary metabolites contained in Persea americana seeds which have activity as anti-diabetic are tannin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, saponin, triterpenoid, and alkaloid. Each of them has several mechanisms in diabetes, but their role as α-amylase inhibitor on T2DM be in focus. There are various types of encapsulation that are known to be able to serve as a delivery system for these secondary metabolites. Those encapsulations are SNEDDS, chitosan-alginate nanoparticle, PLGA nanoparticle, lipid carrier, liposome, and polysaccharide-based enteric-coated nanoparticle. All of them showed good results in improving bioavailability. Conclusion:It is known that various secondary metabolites found in Persea americana seeds influence reducing blood glucose levels notably in the α-amylase pathway. The low bioavailability of secondary metabolites can be improved by several forms of potential encapsulation. Therefore, herbal substances as adjuvant therapy in T2DM might be a viable management option.

Antiobesity and antidyslipidemic properties of Clitoria ternatea petals aqueous extract against rats induced by high-fat diet

“…The total anthocyanin content in CT is (28.60 ± 0.04) mg/L while 78.75±2.09 mg/g of tannin [ 15 , 16 ]. Anthocyanins and tannins contribute to ameliorating obesity and dyslipidemia through several pathways, including lipase inhibition, lipogenesis reduction, HMG-CoA inhibition that leads to cholesterol synthesis inhibition, lipolysis promotion, increased energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism [ 13 , 17 ].…”

A Virtual Inhibition of Anti-diabetic Activity of Bioactive Compounds in Harp (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.)

“…Sandoricum koetjape in Indonesia is widely used as a medicinal plant to treat intestinal worms, coughs, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, vaginal discharge, colic, and fever and is used as herbal medicine after childbirth [4]. As far as researchers know, this plant has not been used as an anti-diabetic, although it has compounds that can act as anti-diabetics, such as flavonoids, tannins, or quinones [5].…”