Potential Effects on Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Status After a Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training Program in Diabetes Patients — a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

BackgroundConcurrent aerobic and resistance training (CART) programs have been widely recommended as an important strategy to improve physiologic and functional performance in patients with chronic diseases. However, the impact of a personalized CART program in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires investigation. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of CART programs on metabolic profile, glycemic control, and exercise capacity in patients with diabetes.MethodsWe evaluated 41 subjects with T2D (15 females and 19 males, 50.8 ± 7 years); subjects were randomized into two groups; sedentary (SG) and CART (CART-G). CART was performed over 1.10-h sessions (30-min aerobic and 30-min resistance exercises) three times/week for 12 weeks. Body composition, biochemical analyses, peripheral muscular strength, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were primary measurements.ResultsThe glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (65.4 ± 17.9 to 55.9 ± 12.7 mmol/mol), cholesterol (198.38.1 ± 50.3 to 186.8 ± 35.1 mg/dl), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (6.4 ± 6.8 to 5.0 ± 1.4) decreased in the CART-G compared to the SG. Although body weight did not significantly change after training, skinfold measurement indicated decreased body fat in the CART-G only. CART significantly enhanced muscle strength compared to the SG (p < 0.05). CART was also associated with significant increase in peak oxygen uptake and maximal workload compared to the SG (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese data support CART as an important strategy in the treatment of patients with T2D, producing both physiologic and functional improvements.Trial RegistrationEnsaiosclinicos.gov.br, RBR492q8z

Physical Activity Measurements in Sport Field: Objective or Subjective Measures?

“…In parallel with previous finding, Glut 4 level increase with resistance and weight training specially when performed with main muscle groups. Increased insulin sensitivity and glut 4 (a shortcut to glucose transportation system toward muscle tissues) may be helpful in glucose balance and blood glucose monitoring in a diabetic subject; a fact which was found in our study [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Regarding fat loss exercises, there are various types of exercise plans in the world [19].…”

“…It is the procedure of exercise plan which makes significant changes in physiological parameters. This procedure must be monitored by an exercise physiologist to lead to target weight and normal physiological status [14][15][16][17][18]. The results of presented case study report demonstrated the main roles of intricate mechanisms inside the field of sport science regarding diet plan and exercise programme.…”

Glycemic behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes during a short period of a combined training program

“…This is a single arm clinical study, an analysis of secondary data from Bassi et al 2 , which was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (protocol RBR-492q8z). In addition, the study procedures were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Center of Araraquara (protocol 1318/11).…”

“…Additionally, combined training has shown positive results for glycemic control, as seen by HbA1c analysis 2,8 . However, it is known that hyperglycemic peaks experienced on a day to day basis and between physical training sessions have been strongly associated with the development of diabetes complications 9 , regardless of the values of fasting glycemia and HbA1c 10 .…”

“…The literature is robust regarding the practice of physical activities for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 1,2 . The positive effect of physical activity programs can be identified by the improvement in glycemic control according to the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) exam, since glycemia is evaluated over a long period, reflecting the glucose concentrations within of the last 120 days 3 .…”