Potential for reducing paper mill energy use and carbon dioxide emissions through plant-wide energy audits: A case study in China

Kong, Lingbo; Price, Lynn; Hasanbeigi, Ali; Liu, Huanbin; Li, Jigeng

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.013

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, technology is just one of the means of improving EE, as explained in the introduction. EE can also be improved via policies/regulations and via management ( [18,22] …”

Section: Study Methodologies For Energy Management In the Ppimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This summarizes several definitions of EnM in the literature, some of which were presented by Schulze et al [21]. Generally, EnM can be done via (i) management, (ii) technology, and (iii) policies/regulations ( [18,22]). Note that the term "energy management" is often used instead of or interchangeably with "energy management system", which refers to the tools for implementing the procedures of EnM [16].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, Kong et al [18] described results obtained from a plant-wide audit at a paper mill in Guangdong province in China. Methods for energy audit for calculating energy and carbon indicators-appropriate for Chinese standards-baseline energy use, and CO 2 emissions of the audited paper mill were presented along with a presentation of nine opportunities to improve energy-efficiency including their energy conservation and CO 2 mitigation potential.…”

Section: Energy Auditingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that these could lead to a 14.4% decrease in energy use and a 14.7% decrease in CO 2 emissions for the audited paper mill. Thus, it was suggested that an energy audit is a primary step towards improving EE at the facility level [18]. Additionally, Lin et al [70] used data from on-site energy audits from 118 Taiwanese firms over the period 2009-2013 to summarize the energy-saving potential and energy savings implemented in 2011 by 72 PPI firms in Taiwan, with the intention that the results would be used as a reference by the PPI for stimulating changes in EE.…”

Section: Energy Auditingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers, Barriers, and Success Factors for Improving Energy Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry

2018

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Successful energy management is a way to achieve energy efficiency in the pulp and paper industry (PPI), which is important for assuring energy supply security, for increasing economic competitiveness, and for mitigating greenhouse gases. However, research shows that although energy use within PPI can be reduced by 5.5-19.4% per year, some of this by energy management practices, energy management is not always implemented. Why is this so? What are the barriers to, and drivers of implementation? How can the barriers be overcome? A systematic review of barriers and drivers in energy management in the PPI within peer-reviewed scientific articles suggests that the world-wide events that affect energy supply, volatility, and use seemingly also affect the number and frequency of research articles on energy management in the PPI. The perception of energy management in the PPI seems to be dominated by the understanding that it can mostly be achieved through technological improvements aiming to improve energy efficiency. The main driver of energy management was shown to be economic conditions: high and unstable energy prices, followed by drivers such as the need to remain internationally competitive, collaboration and energy management systems. Meanwhile, examples of the most important barriers are technical risks, lack of access to capital, lack of time and other priorities, and slim organization. The success factors for enhancing drivers and overcoming barriers were continuous energy accounting, energy-related collaboration, energy-efficiency programmes, and benchmarking. Altogether, success factors for energy management for improved energy efficiency could be summarized in the 4M framework-the "4M for energy efficiency": mind, measure, monitor, and manage-that could be used as the energy management memory-tool that could lead to improved energy efficiency in other sectors as well.

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“…Nevertheless, technology is just one of the means of improving EE, as explained in the introduction. EE can also be improved via policies/regulations and via management ( [18,22] …”

Section: Study Methodologies For Energy Management In the Ppimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Energy Auditingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Auditingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers, Barriers, and Success Factors for Improving Energy Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry

2018

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“…Many of the energy-efficient technologies examined in LBNL publications and reports are used in this analysis because other studies on energy efficiency in the pulp and paper industry do not provide consistent and comprehensive data on energy savings, costs, and lifetimes of different technologies. For some technologies, information was obtained from other studies (EC 2001;FOE 2005;NEDO 2008;Kong et al 2012). Furthermore, the methodology used for this analysis, i.e.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and Paper Industry in China

Kong¹

2013

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The pulp and paper industry in China has been developing rapidly since 2000 with an average annual increase in production of about 12 percent per year through 2010. In 2008, China surpassed the United States to become the world's largest paper producer. China manufactured 11.2 percent of the world's virgin pulp and 24.5 percent of the world's paper in 2010. Although more than 18 million tonnes (Mt) of inefficient production capacity will be phased out during the 12th Five-year Plan (FYP) (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), China's total paper production is estimated to grow from 92.7 to 116 Mt during this period.The total final energy consumption of China's pulp and paper industry was 750 petajoules (PJ) in 2007, representing 11 percent of global pulp and paper industry final energy consumption in that year. As energy prices and climate change awareness increase, improving energy efficiency is an effective way for the pulp and paper industry to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. During the 11 FYP, the average energy intensity of China's pulp and paper industry dropped by 18 percent. The energy intensity of the pulp and paper industry is predicted to drop by 20 percent by the end of 2015 compared to the intensity in 2010. Nonetheless, a wide gap exists between China and other developed economies in the best available technologies in use in the pulp and paper sector.This study assesses the impact of 23 energy-efficiency measures that could be applied in China's pulp and paper industry. We analyze the fuel-and electricity-efficiency improvement potential of these technologies for the year 2010 using a bottom-up conservation supply curve (CSC) model. The fuel CSC model shows that the cost-effective fuel efficiency improvement potential for China's pulp and paper industry is 179.6 PJ, and the total technical fuel-savings potential is 254.3 PJ. These figures represent 26.8 percent and 38.0 percent, respectively, of total fuel used in China's pulp and paper industry in 2010. The CO 2 emissions reduction potential associated with ii the cost-effective fuel savings is 16.9 Mt CO 2 , and the total technical potential for CO 2 emissions reduction is 24.2 Mt CO 2 . The electricity CSC model shows that the total technical electricityefficiency potential to 2,316 gigawatt-hours (GWh) or 4.3 percent of total electricity use in the pulp and paper industry in 2010. All of the electricity-efficiency potential is cost effective. The CO 2 emissions reduction potential associated with the total electricity savings is 1.8 Mt CO 2 .Sensitivity analyses for adoption rate, discount rate, electricity and fuel prices, investment costs, and the energy savings from each measure show that these parameters have significant influence on the results. Therefore, the results presented in this report should be interpreted with caution.

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Cost‐Saving Opportunities in the Energy Management of Papermaking Processes

2020

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Energy consumption optimization belongs to the main agendas in sustainable industries. Here, cost-saving opportunities in the pulp and paper industry as one of the largest industrial energy consumers worldwide are in the focus. Energy-saving measures are proposed employing a large-scale mathematical model of a paper machine based on mass and energy balances supported by real-time experiments in paper machine operation. The presented measures are based on the optimization of paper stock pumping and a drying section operation. The total energy-saving effect of the four proposed measures accounted for a reduction in specific heat and electricity consumption by more than 2 %. The proposed procedures require no or low investment costs with the overall simple rate of return of less than one year.

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Potential for reducing paper mill energy use and carbon dioxide emissions through plant-wide energy audits: A case study in China

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

Drivers, Barriers, and Success Factors for Improving Energy Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Drivers, Barriers, and Success Factors for Improving Energy Management in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Opportunities for the Pulp and Paper Industry in China

Cost‐Saving Opportunities in the Energy Management of Papermaking Processes

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