Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs

Kida, Hiroshi; Ito, Toshihiro; Yasuda, Jiro; Shimizu, Yukio; Itakura, Chitoshi; Shortridge, K. F.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Webster, Robert G.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-75-9-2183

Cited by 329 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The experimental study by Kida et al . demonstrated the mixing vessel concept with the reassortment of two LPAI strains within pigs 8. Data from this study suggest that natural reassortment is plausible in pigs given the correct circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Likewise, Kida et al . found that 29 of 38 avian IAV strains, mostly from China, were able to replicate in pigs without producing clinical disease 8. Both studies also detected the development of specific antibody in most inoculated pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…and De Vleeschauwer et al . used 107 EID 50 in smaller volumes 8, 15. Higher inoculum volumes have been shown to be more effective in establishing lower respiratory influenza infections in ferrets 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dual receptor expression supports the idea of pigs as an experimental “mixing vessel” for a reassortment event (genetic shift) between mammalian and avian‐adapted strains, or adaptation (genetic drift) with avian strains. Experimental studies have demonstrated influenza reassortment using pigs as a mixing vessel 8, 9. Furthermore, genetic‐based surveillance and epidemiologic reports have highlighted natural reassortment events within a narrow time frame, location, and likely group of pigs 10, 11, 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few experimental studies have been conducted using LPAI viruses to infect pigs with variable results 8, 13, 14, 15. The ability of pigs to become infected with LPAI viruses from an avian reservoir and then generate mammalian adaptable IAVs is difficult to determine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe ability of pigs to become infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and then generate mammalian adaptable influenza A viruses is difficult to determine. Yet, it is an important link to understanding any relationship between LPAI virus ecology and possible epidemics among swine and/or humans.ObjectivesAssess susceptibility of pigs to LPAI viruses found within the United States and their direct contact transmission potential.MethodsPigs were inoculated with one of ten H5 or H7 LPAI viruses selected from seven different bird species to test infectivity, virulence, pathogenesis, and potential to transmit virus to contact pigs through histological, RRT‐PCR and seroconversion data.ResultsAlthough pigs were susceptible to infection with each of the LPAI viruses, no clinical disease was recognized in any pig. During the acute phase of the infection, minor pulmonary lesions were found in some pigs and one or more pigs in each group were RRT‐PCR‐positive in the lower respiratory tract, but no virus was detected in upper respiratory tract (negative nasal swabs). Except for one group, one or more pigs in each LPAI group developed antibody. No LPAI viruses transmitted to contact pigs.Conclusions LPAI strains from various bird populations within the United States are capable of infecting pigs. Although adaptability and transmission of individual strains seem unlikely, the subclinical nature of the infections demonstrates the need to improve sampling and testing methods to more accurately measure incidence of LPAI virus infection in pigs, and their potential role in human‐zoonotic LPAI virus dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Altered antibody response to influenza H1N1 vaccine in healthy elderly people as determined by HI, ELISA, and neutralization assay

Remarque

Bruijn

Boersma³

et al. 1998

J. Med. Virol.

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To determine the influence of ageing per se as well as of priming histories on the antibody response to influenza vaccination, haemagglutination inhibition (HI), ELISA IgG, IgA, IgM and neutralizing antibody titres were studied in 43 healthy young subjects (mean age 23 years) and 55 healthy elderly people (mean age 79 years). The HI and ELISA lgG responses to the A/Guizhou/54/89 strain (H3N2) for which both the young and the elderly had similar priming histories were equal. By contrast, the HI and IgG responses to A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1), where the priming histories were different, were lower in the elderly (P < 0.05). Influenza-specific IgA responses in the elderly tended to be higher for all vaccine strains. Influenza-specific postvaccination IgM titres were similar or tended to be higher in the elderly. A subgroup of elderly subjects (18%) who did not express HI activity to the A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) vaccine strain, reacted in the HI assay with the closely related A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1) strain. These elderly people, however, produced lgG antibodies which neutralized A/Taiwan/1/86 virus in vitro. It is concluded that the elderly are capable of mounting antibody responses similar to those observed in the young. Moreover, the observed age-related differences in antibody responses to H1N1 strains are probably not due to ageing of the immune system itself, but are determined by differences in priming histories.

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