Potential impact of HIV among IDUs on heterosexual transmission in Asian settings: scenarios from the Asian Epidemic Model

Saidel, Tobi; Jarlais, Don Des; Peerapatanapokin, Wiwat; Dorabjee, Jimmy; Singh, S.P.; Brown, Tim

doi:10.1016/s0955-3959(02)00209-8

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The HIV epidemic can potentially grow rapidly as in Thailand spreading from IDU to FSW and then general population through clients (Ruxrungtham, Brown, & Phanuphak, 2004;Saidel et al, 2003;Wu, Sullivan, Wang, Rotheram-Borus, & Detels, 2007). Already, infections due to sexual transmission have exceeded those from injecting drug use (CMOH, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in China

Poon

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

AIDS Care

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Female sex workers (FSW) are at greater risk for HIV and STIs. A systematic literature review of HIV and STI prevalence and incidence data for FSW in China was conducted to assess current trends. Studies between 1996 and 2010 detailing seroprevalence or incidence data, other laboratory-based tests, and clinical diagnoses of infections among FSW were reviewed. Select articles from Chinese literature around street-based and drug-abusing FSW were also reviewed. Results revealed high median prevalence for a variety of STIs among FSW: active syphilis range 0.8-12.5% (median = 6.9%), herpes range 29.7-70.8% (median = 56.2%), chlamydia range 3.9-58.6% (median = 25.7%), gonorrhea range 2.0-85.4% (median = 16.4%), and trichomoniasis range 7.1-43.2% (median = 12.5%). HIV prevalence has remained relatively low and stable with a range of 0-10.3% (median = 0.6%), with the exception of higher prevalence in several areas of Yunnan and some areas of Guangxi. The FSW who are injecting drug users may be at even greater risk for HIV infection with 12-49% found to be HIV positive and 7-25% self-reporting positive status. A number of gaps in the literature remain, especially in the number of studies that detail prevalence confirmed by laboratory testing or that collect incidence data. Assessment of incidence and prevalence according to sampling methodology appropriate for the population, behavioral risks such as injecting drug use, and diverse venues especially those at the lower end are needed. Theory-based interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of HIV/STIs need to be piloted with successful models scaled-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in China

Poon

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

AIDS Care

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“…Low condom use and possible condom failure therefore may not only put the drug users in Hanoi at substantial risk of infection through the sexual route, but also increase the likelihood of transmitting the virus from them to their girlfriends, lovers and other sexual partners. Studies around the world have shown that IDUs, at risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV through both sharing injecting equipment and unprotected sex, are a primary source of heterosexual transmission (Archibald, Reid, & Geduld, 2002;Panda et al, 2000;Saidel et al, 2003). Other studies demonstrated that it is more difficult to achieve decreases in risky sexual behaviours than in risky equipment-sharing behaviours (Des Jarlais et al, 1995;Rhodes, Stimson, & Quirk, 1996;Watters, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use, sexual behaviours and practices among male drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam—a qualitative study

Tran

Detels

Hiển

et al. 2004

International Journal of Drug Policy

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A qualitative study was conducted among drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam in May and June 2001 to describe their drug use practices and sexual behaviours, as well as potential factors that might contribute to the recent increase of HIV among them and local sex workers. A total of 63 drug users in five main districts of Hanoi were recruited for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study found that drug users in Hanoi have been engaging in high-risk injecting behaviours and practices. They reported frequently visiting female sex workers (FSWs) and low condom use. Drug users had poor understanding and practices of cleaning injecting equipment, little knowledge of infection through sexual routes, and infrequent knowledge of their HIV infection status. The study provided evidence that young and new injecting drug users (IDUs) are at particularly high risk of HIV infection, are sexually active, and can serve as a bridge between the drug user and FSWs populations. They and sex workers should be the focus of intervention activities.

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“…In several countries, such as the United States, Spain, and Italy, sexual transmission of HIV from IDUs to sex partners who do not inject drugs was initially the dominant mode of heterosexual transmission (Des Jarlais et al, 1997). Second, if large numbers of IDUs become infected with HIV, there is the possibility that sexual transmission, particularly to sex workers and clients of IDU sex workers, may set off a generalized heterosexual epidemic (Saidel et al, 2003). This may be the case in a number of countries in Asia and Eastern Europe (UNAIDS, 2004).…”

Section: Sexual Transmission Of Hiv In Idusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resourceconstrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors.RESUMEN-Il est important de prévenir la transmission hétérosexuelle du VIH à partir des usagers de drogue pour contrôler l'épidémie hétérosexuelle locale et mondiale de VIH. Des interventions ciblant à la fois la réduction de risque sexuel et la santé des usagers de drogue sont nécessaires. Les interventions de réduction de risque sexuel prennent en compte le niveau individuel, le niveau des pairs et celui des déterminants structurels de la réduction des risques. Les interventions visant l'amélioration de la santé comprennent le conseil et le dépistage du VIH, la prévention et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et la prescription d'antirétroviraux. Il est important d'adapter les interventions efficaces mises en place dans les pays riches aux réalités des contextes de pays à ressources limitées et de tenir compte des facteurs contextuels pertinents. Keywords global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk HIV Infection and Injection Drug UsersInjection drug use continues to complicate the control of the global HIV epidemic (UNAIDS, 2004). In 2003, 136 countries reported injecting drug use and 93 countries reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) (World Health Organization, 2003). IDUs are at risk for infection with HIV through both multiperson use ("sharing") of drug injection equipment and through unsafe sex behaviors (Aceijas et al., 2004). Although the scope and effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV infection through drug injection equipment has been well documented in the literature (Des Jarlais et al., 2005;Quan et This review describes sex risk reduction interventions with drug users and their effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors of IDUs and other drug users. We highlight the needs and opportunities for these interventions, discuss the generalizability of the results to resourceconstrained settings, and outline the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. Although our literature review is not comprehensive, it highlights many areas that affect sexual transmission of HIV to and from drug users in both resource-rich and resourceconstrained settings. Efforts to reduce substance abuse and HIV risk associated with injection behav...

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Potential impact of HIV among IDUs on heterosexual transmission in Asian settings: scenarios from the Asian Epidemic Model

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Review of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in China

Review of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in China

Drug use, sexual behaviours and practices among male drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam—a qualitative study

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

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