Potential Larvicidal Properties of Blighia sapida Leaf Extracts against Larvae of An. gambiae, Cu. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti

Abstract

Blighia sapida is a medicinal plant used in Southern Nigeria for the treatment of some eye ailments and headache. The Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM), Ghana, has used this plant for the treatment of diarrhea for over 20 years. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the lethal effect of aqueous, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaf of B. sapida on fourth instar larvae of An. gambiae, Cu. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Methods: The lethal effect of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of B. sapida at concentrations of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75% w/v each were investigated in static bioassays on 4 th 15 instar larvae of An. gambiae, Cu. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Results: The 72hLC 50 values of the aqueous extract were 0.393, 0.488 and 0.423%w/v

Repellent Effect and Insecticidal Activities ofBridelia ferruginea,Blighia sapida, andKhaya senegalensisLeaves Powders and Extracts againstDinoderus porcellusin Infested Dried Yam Chips

“…Earlier studies confirmed the insecticidal effects of these plants species: B. ferruginea [45]; B. sapida [15,36,[50][51][52][53]; and K. senegalensis [54][55][56][57][58][59]. Acetone extract of K. senegalensis showed the lowest LC 50 and the biggest toxicity ratio, consequently the most toxic on D. porcellus.…”

“…Insecticidal effect of the three botanicals may also be due to its active components. Insecticide activity of B. sapida is primarily due to saponins and tannins [36,44] and might be the cause of the insecticidal activity in this study. K. senegalensis leaf powder possesses limonoids which have a wide range of biological activities, including insecticidal, insect antifeedant, and growth regulating activity on insect [14].…”

“…Psyche 15 constituents such as terpenoids in leaves of B. ferruginea [35], B. sapida [36], and K. senegalensis [37], which are wellknown repellents of phytophagous insects by acting in the vapor form on the olfactory receptors [38,39]. The presence of some repellent components such as limonoids, which are highly oxygenated triterpenes, classed as tetranorterpenoides in leaves of K. senegalensis [40] could explain their higher repellent activities 24 h after treatment than synthetic insecticide Antouka and other plant powders.…”

“…Similar findings were reported by Mukanga et al [46] who show that leaf powders of five botanicals (eucalyptus, guava, neem, Tephrosia, and water hyacinth) reduce weight loss and clearly suppressed the emergence of Prostephanus truncatus populations in dried cassava chips. Based on previous studies, much of the antifeeding of test botanicals could be attributed to their bioactive principles [14,36,44,45]. The inhibition of reproduction rate of D. porcellus could be due to the changes in physiology and behaviour in the insect adults due to contact with botanicals that may deter their egg laying capacity [42].…”

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti L.

“…Jika nilai LC semakin rendah maka insektisida botani tersebut akan semakin efektif, sehingga ekstrak etanol daun mahoni lebih efektif dari pada ekstrak air daun mahoni. Hasil penelitian ini serupa dengan hasil penelitian beberapa peneliti yang membandingkan efektivitas ekstrak etanol dan air dari berbagai tumbuhan untuk membunuh larva nyamuk, yakni Ubulom et al (2012) dan Nagappan (2012).…”