Potential Mechanisms of Probiotics Action in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Molska, Marta; Reguła, Julita

doi:10.3390/nu11102453

Cited by 128 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…species, only in SCA/P stools samples, which are suspected to be associated with CRC development [45] stimulating exaggerated immune responses via Th17 cells [46], as for other gastrointestinal cancers and other pathologies [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Considering such patterns and literature data demonstrating the ability of natural products and probiotics to modulate the immune system [52][53][54][55][56], a lot of studies are currently aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of them for the prevention of intestinal cancer [57,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

et al. 2020

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) requires the presence of a variety of factors predisposing a tumorigenic milieu. Excluding familial clustering and hereditary CRC syndromes, the development of sporadic CRC from precancerous lesions is influenced by tissue inflammation, modulation of intestinal immunity, hormones, dietary habits and gut microbiota composition. As concerning the last two aspects, the intestinal presence of equol, the most biologically active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein and the presence of a genetic determinant of gut microbiota able to metabolize daidzein, seem to lower the CRC risk. It has been hypothesized that the anaerobic microorganisms of the Bacteroides genus play a role in equol production. Aim: To evaluate the presence of (i) anaerobic gut microbiota and (ii) the urinary levels of soy isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and equol) in patients with and without precancerous lesions, challenged with a daidzein-rich soy extract. Methods: Consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy participated to the study. Feces were collected from all patients one week before colonoscopy for gut microbiota studies. After the endoscopy examination and the histological evaluation, 40 subjects, 20 with sporadic colorectal adenomas (SCA/P group) and 20 without proliferative lesions (control group) were enrolled for the study. Urine levels of soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and their metabolite equol, were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis and gut microbiota analysis was performed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) procedure. Results: Seventeen different bacterial species were identified in the fecal samples of the forty subjects participating to the study. Ten bacterial species resulted anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, all belonging to the Bacteroides genus. A significant difference of bacteria species was evidenced in the fecal samples of the two groups of subjects. Particularly important was the evidence of Parabacteroides distasonis, Clostridium clostridioforme and Pediococcus pentasaceus only in control fecal samples, such as the presence of Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica only in SCA/P fecal samples. Concerning the soy isoflavones levels, no statistically significant differences were revealed in the genistein and daidzein urinary levels between the two groups of subjects. On the contrary, urinary equol levels were undetectable in ten SCA/P subjects and in two controls; moreover, when present, the levels of urinary equol were significantly lower in SCA/P subjects compared to controls (0.24 ± 0.27 mg/24 hrs vs. 21.25 ± 4.3 mg/24 hrs, respectively, p = 1.12 × 10−6). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of anaerobic Bacteroides in the colon, and the production of equol from soy, could determine a milieu able to contrast the development of colonic mucosa proliferative lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

et al. 2020

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“…The pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli can synthesize several toxins, for example, cytotoxic necrotizing agent (CNF), cytolethal distending toxins (CDT), and other various virulence factors. Streptococcus gallolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis can also be connected to colorectal cancer [72,73].…”

Section: Modification Of the Intestinal Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention

Śliżewska

Markowiak‐Kopeć

Śliżewska

2020

Cancers

159

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The gut microbiome can play important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. An imbalance in the gut microbiome can lead to pro-inflammatory immune responses and the initiation of disease processes, including cancer. The research results prove some strains of probiotics by modulating intestinal microbiota and immune response can be used for cancer prevention or/and as adjuvant treatment during anticancer chemotherapy. This review presents the latest advances in research into the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment support of cancer. The described issues concern to the anticancer activity of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites. In addition, we described the potential mechanisms of probiotic chemoprevention and the advisability of using probiotics.

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“…In vitro and animal studies reported positive outcomes and protective anticancer effects of probiotics in CRC. 260,261 Bassaganya-Riera et al 260 evaluated the role of VSL#3 in modulating mucosal immune responses using mouse models of inflammation driven CRC. It was found that both adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation was diminished upon treatment.…”

Section: Therapeutic Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives</p>

Elsalem¹,

Jum’ah²,

Alfaqih³

et al. 2020

CEG

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The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.

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Potential Mechanisms of Probiotics Action in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Cited by 128 publications

References 75 publications

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions

The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention

<p>The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives</p>

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