Potential Novel Food-Related and Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials Combined with Bacteriocins

Abstract

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides or proteinaceous materials produced by bacteria against pathogens. These molecules have high efficiency and specificity and are equipped with many properties useful in food-related applications, such as food preservatives and additives, as well as biomedical applications, such as serving as alternatives to current antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antibiofilm agents. Despite their advantages as alternative therapeutics over existing strategies, several limitations of bacteriocins, such as the high cost of isolation and purification, narrow spectrum of activity, low stability and solubility, and easy enzymatic degradation, need to be improved. Nanomaterials are promising agents in many biological applications. They are widely used in the conjugation or decoration of bacteriocins to augment the activity of bacteriocins or reduce problems related to their use in biomedical applications. Therefore, bacteriocins combined with nanomaterials have emerged as promising molecules that can be used in various biomedical applications. This review highlights the features of bacteriocins and their limitations in biomedical applications and provides a detailed overview of the uses of different nanomaterials in improving the limitations. Our review focuses on the potential applications of nanomaterials combined with bacteriocins as new designer molecules for use in future therapeutic strategies.

RETRACTED: Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol

“…Increasing advances in nanotechnology and nanoscience have raised great hopes in the field of biomedicine. Due to their unique, multifaceted and flexible properties, nanomaterials circumvents many challenges in diverse fields of medicine, including health, diagnosis, and treatment ( Liu et al, 2020 ; Naskar and Kim, 2021 ), nanoliposomes being one of the most widely used nanoparticles in biomedicine. Liposomes are lipid bilayer spherical membranes that provide both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments.…”

Las bacteriocinas y su efecto sinérgico con tecnologías emergentes en alimentos

“…Hasta el momento, las bacterocinas aprobadas por la FDA (American Food and Drug Administration) para su uso como aditivo en alimentos son nisina, pediocina y el producto Micocin® (Naskar & Kim, 2021). Sin embargo, otras bacteriocinas también ofrecen perspectivas prometedoras como bioconservantes en los alimentos como, por ejemplo, la bacteriocina AS-48 (Sánchez-Hidalgo et al, 2011).…”

Enhancing antibacterial properties of bacteriocins using combination therapy

“…Nisin with ramoplanin Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains [40] Nisin with chloramphenicol MRSA strains [40] Nisin with chloramphenicol or penicillin E. faecalis [41] Nisin Z with methicillin MRSA [42] Nisin, lysozyme and lactoferrin Bovine viral diarrhea virus [40] Thuricin CD with ramoplanin Clostridium difficile strains [43] Subtilosin A with metronidazole and metronidazole Gardnerella vaginalis [44] PsVP-10 with chlorhexidine Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus [45] Bacteriocin from L. plantarum ST8SH with Vancomycin Biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes strains [46] Lacticin 3147 with penicillin G or vancomycin Corynebacterium xerosis, Cutibacterium acnes, Enterococcus faecium and MRSA strains [42] Enterocin CRL35 and Subtilosin Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1) and Poliovirus (PV-1) [40] Essential oils (EO) and bacteriocins Nisin with carvacrol; Nisin with mountain savory Increase relative sensitivity of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes to γ-irradiation treatment [47] Nisin with Origanum vulgare EO Listeria monocytogenes [48] Nisin with T. vulgaris EO Salmonella typhimurium [48] Nisin with Ocimum basilicum EO, Salvia officinalis EO and Trachysper mumammi EO Escherichia coli [49] Nisin V in combination with carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde Listeria monocytogenes strains [50] Nisin with carvacrol (a component of EO of Origanum vulgare) and EDTA Salmonella Typhimurium [51] Pediocin with S. montagna EO Escherichia coli O157: H7 [48] Nanoparticle-bacteriocin conjugates Nisin with nanoliposomes and garlic extract Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus Aureus [52,53] Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nisin Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Listeria monocytogenes [9,[54][55][56] Ag NPs and nisin conjugates Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moniliforme [57] Nisin and Au NPs Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus [58] Nisin and Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles Listeria monocytogenes [59] Nisi...…”