Potential of 4-thiothymidine as a molecular probe for H2O2 in systems related to PhotoDynamic therapy: A structuristic and mechanistic insight by UV–visible and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies and by ElectroSpray ionization mass spectrometry

Rizzi, Vito; Losito, Ilario; Abbattista, Ramona; Fini, Paola; Agostiano, Angela; Cataldi, Tommaso R. I.; Cosma, Pinalysa

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.073

Cited by 6 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fe(II) sulfate was added at 1 × 10 −5 M concentration to trigger the Fenton process. By analogy with the investigation on the reaction with H 2 O 2 alone, H 2 O 2 was added at different initial concentrations, namely, 5, 50, and 100 × 10 −3 M, and then UV‐vis spectra were acquired for at least 60 minutes at 10‐ or 5‐minute intervals, according to the overall reaction rate. Spectra were acquired also after 90 and 120 minutes for the two highest H 2 O 2 concentrations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A comparison between the resulting UV‐vis spectra is reported in Figure . In accordance with the results obtained for the reaction between S 4 ‐TdR and hydrogen peroxide alone, a progressive decrease of the absorbance registered at 337 nm, ie, at the absorption maximum for the nucleoside in the same conditions, was always observed. The decrease was clearly enhanced at increasing H 2 O 2 concentrations, thus indicating a faster rate of S 4 ‐TdR degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A concomitant increase of an absorption band centered at approximately 270 nm, ie, at the wavelength of maximum absorption for TdR, was observed, thus indicating the accumulation of this nucleoside as a relevant product in the reaction mixture. It is worth noting that the gradual red shift (up to 363 nm) previously observed for the main S 4 ‐TdR absorption band during the reaction with H 2 O 2 alone was still present but less evident under Fenton conditions. This spectroscopic feature could be related to the presumably higher reactivity (compared with H 2 O 2 ) of the radical species generated by the Fenton process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This spectroscopic feature could be related to the presumably higher reactivity (compared with H 2 O 2 ) of the radical species generated by the Fenton process. Indeed, such reactivity would lead to a fast, further transformation of hydroxylated S 4 ‐TdR derivatives that were the reaction products previously supposed to absorb at slightly higher wavelengths, compared with S 4 ‐TdR …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, isomeric hydroxylated derivatives of the nucleoside, ie, compounds bearing an OH group linked either to the sulfur atom (thus corresponding to a sulfenic acid) or to the methyl carbon of the thiothymine ring, have been found as peculiar products of the reaction with H 2 O 2 . The role of hydroxylated S 4 ‐TdR as an intermediate for the subsequent generation of products like thymidine and the SS bridged dimer of S 4 ‐TdR has been also unveiled through the monitoring of reaction products with time by ESI‐MS …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of 4‐thiothymidine with Fenton reagent investigated by UV‐visible spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2019

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The reactivity of the sulfur‐containing nucleoside 4‐thio‐(2′‐deoxy)‐thymidine usually abbreviated as 4‐thio‐thymidine, (S4‐TdR) under Fenton conditions, ie, in the presence of H2O2 and catalytic amounts of Fe(II), was investigated by UV‐vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization single and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS and MS/MS). S4‐TdR hydroxylated on the S atom was found to be a key reaction intermediate, ultimately leading to (2′‐deoxy)‐thymidine usually abbreviated as thymidine, (TdR) as the main reaction product. This finding was in accordance with the outcome of the reaction between S4‐TdR and H2O2, previously investigated in our laboratory. On the other hand, the additional presence of •OH radicals, induced by the Fe(II)/H2O2 combination, led to the increased generation of another interesting S4‐TdR product, already observed after its reaction with H2O2 alone, ie, the covalent dimer including a SS bridge between two S4‐TdR molecules. More importantly, multihydroxylated derivatives of S4‐TdR and TdR were detected as peculiar products obtained under Fenton conditions. Among them, a product bearing an OH group both on the methyl group linked to the thymine ring and on the C5 atom of the ring was found to prevail. The results obtained during this study, integrated by those found previously in our laboratory, indicate 4‐thiothymidine as a promising molecular probe for the recognition, through a careful characterization of its reaction products, of the prevailing species among reactive oxygen species (ROS) corresponding to singlet‐state oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxylic radical.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of 4‐thiothymidine with Fenton reagent investigated by UV‐visible spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2019

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From Kiwi Peels’ “End-of-Life” to Gold Nanoparticles: the Upcycling of a Waste

Gubitosa,

Rizzi,

Maggi

et al. 2023

BioNanoSci.

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Following a green approach, kiwi peels (a waste) were washed in hot water to obtain a water-based polyphenolic extract (KPWW) used to reduce Au3+ (coming from a HAuCl4 water-based solution) for forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Indeed, KPWW, as shown after performing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) analysis, is mainly composed by different polyphenols acting as reductant agents, accomplishing a red-ox reaction and decorating the AuNPs-KPWW surface. Spectroscopic and morphologic techniques were used in synergy for investigating the AuNPs-KPWW main features. Polyhedral-shaped plasmonic nanoparticles with a mean size of 30±10 nm and a negative charge of −40 mV were thus obtained. The AuNPs’ stability was assessed under different working conditions, investigating the role of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. The photostability was also assessed by irradiating AuNPs-KPWW with a solar simulator lamp. Both temperature and solar light did not perturb AuNPs-KPWW. Thanks to the presence of polyphenols, the antioxidant and skin-lightening properties were positively demonstrated. Moreover, the protective role of AuNPs in scavenging H2O2 and ·OH was also investigated by inhibiting the oxidation of a biomolecule. The sunscreen ability of AuNPs-KPWW was also estimated, and the theoretical calculation of the sun protection factor (SPF) was determined. Finally, the AuNPs-KPWW biocompatibility was tested on endothelial colony-forming cells and normal dermal fibroblasts as human cell lines, revealing that AuNPs-KPWW did not affect cell viability and did not alter cell morphology, demonstrating their safety and their potential application in nanomedicine.

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Development of Spirulina sea-weed raw extract/polyamidoamine hydrogel system as novel platform in photodynamic therapy: Photostability and photoactivity of chlorophyll a

Rizzi

Gubitosa

Fini

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Potential of 4-thiothymidine as a molecular probe for H2O2 in systems related to PhotoDynamic therapy: A structuristic and mechanistic insight by UV–visible and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies and by ElectroSpray ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Reactivity of 4‐thiothymidine with Fenton reagent investigated by UV‐visible spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Reactivity of 4‐thiothymidine with Fenton reagent investigated by UV‐visible spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

From Kiwi Peels’ “End-of-Life” to Gold Nanoparticles: the Upcycling of a Waste

Development of Spirulina sea-weed raw extract/polyamidoamine hydrogel system as novel platform in photodynamic therapy: Photostability and photoactivity of chlorophyll a

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