Potential of Fatty Acids in Treating Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Huang, Tao; Liu, Chaoran; Cui, Can; Zhang, Ning; Cheung, Wing; Wong, Ronald

doi:10.3390/nu15163613

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…These components have previously been linked to inflammatory responses in CKD patients. For example, high intakes of SFA and TFA are associated with pro-inflammatory markers and muscle mass 52 , 53 . Conversely, nutrients such as beta-carotene and vitamin C possess anti-inflammatory and muscle-building properties 54 – 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Mansouri,

Jafari,

Ranjbar

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Using a system that incorporates a variety of food items rather than focusing on individual components can aid in assessing the inflammatory effects of a diet on disease outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of protein–energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD. In this cross-sectional study, 109 patients with CKD were selected from two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The intake of individuals’ diets was recorded using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guidelines were utilized to evaluate muscles’ strength, mass, and function. Also, four International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria (body mass index, intake of protein, albumin, and urine creatinine) were used to diagnose PEW. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DII and sarcopenia as well as PEW. The results showed that the intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, niacin, beta-carotene, and vitamin C was significantly different between lower and higher DII groups. In the univariate model, higher odds of sarcopenia was observed by each unit increase in DII (odds ratio (OR) = 1.379, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.042–1.824) and age (OR = 1.073, 95% CI: 1.017–1.132). Additionally, in the multivariate model, the association between DII and age with odds of sarcopenia remained significant (DII: OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.030–1.846 and age: OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.007–1.121). The current study suggests the possible role of pro-inflammatory foods in worsening muscle health, specifically sarcopenia, in CKD patients. Future longitudinal studies may reveal the causative nature of these correlations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Mansouri,

Jafari,

Ranjbar

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Short‐chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice

Liu,

Wong,

Wang

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundSarcopenia is a prevalent muscle disorder in old people leading to higher fracture rate, mortality, and other adverse clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, were reduced in old people with sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the use of SCFAs as a supplement can be a therapeutic strategy of sarcopenia in a pre‐clinical model.MethodsSeven‐month‐old pre‐sarcopenic senescent accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice received daily SCFAs cocktail (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) for 3 months. Age‐matched senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) and SAMP8 mice receiving sodium‐matched drinking water were control groups. The gut microbiota composition analysis of aged mice with or without sarcopenia was conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing. Gut barrier‐related proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration were biomarkers of gut permeability. Colon inflammation levels, circulatory SCFAs concentration, muscle quality, function, and underlying pathways were detected by cell number counting, RT‐qPCR, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, measurements of muscle wet weight and grip strength, ex vivo functional test, treadmill endurance test, transcriptomic sequencing, morphological and immunofluorescent staining, as well as western blot. To investigate the role of mTOR signalling pathways in SCFAs treatment, C2C12 myotubes were treated with rapamycin.ResultsAged SAMP8 mice had different microbiota composition, and lower serum butyric acid compared with SAMR1 mice (P < 0.05). SCFAs treatment reversed the increment of colon inflammation (2.8‐fold lower of il‐1β) and gut barrier permeability (1.7‐fold lower of LPS) in SAMP8 mice. Increased muscle mass, myofibre cross‐sectional area, grip strength, twitch and tetanic force were found in SCFAs‐treated mice compared with control SAMP8 mice (P < 0.05). Anti‐fatigue capacity (1.6‐fold) and muscle glycogen (2‐fold) also improved after SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that AMPK, insulin, and mTOR pathways were involved in SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Regulation of AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/PGC1α pathways were found. SCFAs attenuated fat infiltration and improved mitochondria biogenesis of atrophic muscle. In vitro studies indicated that SCFAs inhibited FoxO3a/Atrogin1 and activated mTOR pathways to improve myotube growth (P < 0.05), and rapamycin attenuated the effect of SCFAs through the inhibition of mTOR pathways.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that bacterial metabolites SCFAs could attenuate age‐related muscle loss and dysfunction, and protein synthesis‐related mTOR signalling pathways were involved both in vivo and in vitro.

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Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies

Zheng,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Arch. Pharm. Res.

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Potential of Fatty Acids in Treating Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease

Short‐chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice

Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies

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