Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretomes in Decreasing Inflammation Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic disorder and is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of a reproductive age. The prevalence of PCOS is growing globally; 52% of women in Southeast Asia alone suffer from this disorder. This disorder is caused by chronic hyperandrogenism, which hinders folliculogenesis. There is also a close relationship between hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance (IR), and it is estimated that 40–80% of PCOS patients suffer from insulin resistance (IR). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretomes have been shown to alleviate PCOS symptoms by decreasing IR and androgen secretion by reducing inflammation. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to study the reported potential of MSCs and their secretomes in decreasing inflammation markers in PCOS treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), and the Cochrane Library with the terms insulin-resistant PCOS, mesenchymal stem cells, and secretome or conditioned medium as the search keywords. A total of 317 articles were reviewed. Four articles were identified as relevant for this systematic review. Results: The results of this study supported the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretions in decreasing inflammatory markers in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions: This review provided evidence that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and their secretomes has the potential to treat PCOS due to its ability to downregulate androgen levels and increase insulin sensitivity, which thereby lowers the level of proinflammatory factors.

Clinical Value and Mechanism Exploration of Serum miR-379 in Obesity-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“… 18 miRNAs can be engaged in the development of PCOS by regulating insulin sensitivity, androgen synthesis, and follicular development. 19 Such as miR-182, 20 miR-664a-3p, 21 and miR-24. 22 MiR-379 is identified as an obesity-associated miRNA that regulates the development of obesity through multiple signaling pathways or metabolic modalities, thereby influencing the development of disease.…”

Polycystic ovary syndrome: emerging stem cell therapies

“…MSCs have therapeutic significance through the capability to divide into diverse cell lineages and influence immune responses through the modulation of the immune system. MSCs have been found to reactivate endometrial function and enhance the outcomes of pregnancy 15 - 17 .…”

Unlocking the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gynecology: Where Are We Now?

“…This effect is mediated by growth factors and suppressive cytokines, which regulate and eventually reduce the inflammatory process. In research provided by Zhao et al, they reported the anti-inflammatory effect presented in UC-MSC-derived exosomes specifically on the granulosa cells in the follicular fluid of the PCOS patients, and it was discovered that TNF-α and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly decreased and that IL-10 levels were increased in the PCOS patients [ 61 ].…”

“…exosomes specifically on the granulosa cells in the follicular fluid of the PCOS patients, and it was discovered that TNF-α and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly decreased and that IL-10 levels were increased in the PCOS patients [61].…”