Potential of Prebiotic Butyrogenic Fibers in Parkinson's Disease

Cantu-Jungles, Thaísa Moro; Rasmussen, Heather; Hamaker, Bruce R.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00663

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…As might be expected, exenatide has shown utility in rodent PD models [148][149][150][151][152][153][154]. While this agent might have some potential in PD therapy, dietary measures which amplify GLP-1 production by the intestinal ileum may have preventive value [155][156][157][158][159]. Notably, short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the lower small intestine evoke increased release of GLP-1 into the circulation [160].…”

Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors—most prominently peroxynitrite—which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase—the source of its precursor superoxide—or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.

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Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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“…The above-mentioned studies used oral administration of sodium butyrate; because sodium butyrate is mostly absorbed in upper segments of the GI tract, the administration route led to an increase in plasma concentration that might well result in direct actions in the brain. On the other hand, butyrate produced by gut microbiota from the fermentation of prebiotic dietary fibers is considered to act locally in the large intestine, where it could promote both localized and systemic effects as another promising approach in the management of PD [ 274 , 280 ]. However, it is yet unclear which way for increasing butyrate levels would be best, hence preclinical studies are needed to evaluate how gut-derived butyrate affects PD pathophysiology.…”

Section: Targeting the Gut–brain Axis In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Avenues for Parkinson’s Disease Therapeutics: Disease-Modifying Strategies Based on the Gut Microbiota

Lorente-Picón

Laguna

2021

Biomolecules

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, and for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. Neurodegeneration and neuropathology in different brain areas are manifested as both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients. Recent interest in the gut–brain axis has led to increasing research into the gut microbiota changes in PD patients and their impact on disease pathophysiology. As evidence is piling up on the effects of gut microbiota in disease development and progression, another front of action has opened up in relation to the potential usage of microbiota-based therapeutic strategies in treating gastrointestinal alterations and possibly also motor symptoms in PD. This review provides status on the different strategies that are in the front line (i.e., antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; synbiotics; dietary interventions; fecal microbiota transplantation, live biotherapeutic products), and discusses the opportunities and challenges the field of microbiome research in PD is facing.

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“…While coffee consumption and constipation may be controlled for by inclusion criteria and subsequent matching, the effect of dopaminergic medication can only be addressed by including drug naïve PD cohorts into microbiome studies. Even more so, mechanistic information to determine the effective role of the microbiota in PD is necessary to identify putative treatment options under discussion (59). This is one major limitation of microbiome studies, which are solely based on 16s rRNA sequencing data.…”

Section: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition in PD: A Pivotal Role of Covariates

et al. 2020

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Altered gut microbiota may trigger or accelerate alpha-synuclein aggregation in the enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease (PD). While several previous studies observed gut microbiota alterations in PD, findings like diversity indices, and altered bacterial taxa itself show a considerable heterogeneity across studies. We recruited 179 participants, of whom 101 fulfilled stringent inclusion criteria. Subsequently, the composition of the gut microbiota in 71 PD patients and 30 healthy controls was analyzed, sequencing V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene in fecal samples. Our goal was (1) to evaluate whether gut microbiota are altered in a southern German PD cohort, (2) to delineate the influence of disease duration, stage, and motor impairment, and (3) to investigate the influence of PD associated covariates like constipation and coffee consumption. Aiming to control for a large variety of covariates, strict inclusion criteria were applied. Finally, propensity score matching was performed to correct for, and to delineate the effect of remaining covariates (non-motor symptom (NMS) burden, constipation, and coffee consumption) on microbiota composition. Prior to matching altered abundances of distinct bacterial classes, orders, families, and genera were observed. Both, disease duration, and stage influenced microbiome composition. Interestingly, levodopa equivalent dose influenced the correlation of taxa with disease duration, while motor impairment did not. Applying different statistical tests, and after propensity score matching to control for NMS burden, constipation and coffee consumption, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus were most consistently reduced in PD compared to controls. Taken together, similar to previous studies, alterations of several taxa were observed in PD. Yet, further controlling for PD associated covariates such as constipation and coffee consumption revealed a pivotal role of these covariates. Our data highlight the impact of these PD associated covariates on microbiota composition in PD. This suggests that altered microbiota may mediate the protective effect of i.e., coffee consumption and the negative effect of constipation in PD.

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Potential of Prebiotic Butyrogenic Fibers in Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 65 publications

References 86 publications

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

New Avenues for Parkinson’s Disease Therapeutics: Disease-Modifying Strategies Based on the Gut Microbiota

Changes in Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition in PD: A Pivotal Role of Covariates

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