Potential of sexual reproduction among host‐adapted populations of <i>Phytophthora infestans sensu lato</i> in Ecuador

Oliva, Ricardo; Erselius, L. J.; Adler, N. E.; Forbes, Gregory A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00784.x

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out as described by Adler et al (2004). Mitochondrial haplotypes were also determined as described previously (Adler et al, 2004) and classified as Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb (Carter et al, 1990; Griffith and Shaw, 1998) or Ic (Oliva et al, 2002). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were obtained using the moderately repetitive probe RG-57 (Goodwin et al, 1992a) and the non-radioactive kit ECL (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Pathogen Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Structure of the Population of Phytophthora infestans Attacking Solanum ochranthum in the Highlands of Ecuador

Chacón¹,

Adler²,

Jarrin³

et al. 2006

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Thirty-nine isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from the wild host Solanum ochranthum in the highland tropics of Ecuador and characterized with a set of phenotypic and molecular markers (mating type, metalaxyl sensitivity, the allozyme loci Gpi, and Pep, mitochondrial DNA haplotype, RFLP, and SSR), as well as for pathogenicity on various hosts. Three groups of isolates (A, B, and C) were identified based on their multilocus genotypes and variable abilities to cause disease on different hosts. Group A had a combination of alleles for the Gpi (86/100), Pep (96/100) and mtDNA (Ia) loci, as well as an RFLP fingerprint, that have not been reported for P. infestans in Ecuador, or elsewhere. Group B shares many marker characteristics with the US-1 lineage described in Ecuador on tomato, pear melon (S. muricatum), and S. caripense, but has SSR alleles not present in typical US-1 isolates. Group C for all markers tested is identical to the EC-1 lineage described on cultivated and wild potatoes in Ecuador. All isolates from S. ochranthum were able to re-infect their host of origin in the detached leaf assay; however, we did not draw clear conclusions as to the relative aggressiveness of the three groups on this host. Isolates of group A were the most specialized and were generally non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic on all hosts other than S. ochranthum. Groups B and C infected tuber-bearing hosts, including the cultivated potato but were generally non-pathogenic on other non-tuber bearing hosts. Solanum ochranthum was infected by isolates coming from tuber-bearing Solanum hosts (i.e., the EC-1 lineage of P. infestans) and some US-1 isolates from non-tuber bearing hosts. Thus, in nature this species might be a potential reservoir of inoculum of different pathogen populations able to infect the cultivated hosts potato, tomato and pear melon (S. muricatum). Unlike potato and tomato in Ecuador, each of which is primarily attacked by a highly specialized pathogen population, S. ochranthum appears to harbour at least three pathogen groups of different genetic make-up. The unresolved issue of potential host specificity in isolates found on S. ochranthum could complicate efforts to use this species in tomato improvement.

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Section: Pathogen Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Structure of the Population of Phytophthora infestans Attacking Solanum ochranthum in the Highlands of Ecuador

Chacón¹,

Adler²,

Jarrin³

et al. 2006

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…Sexual reproduction is less common in Andean populations and evidence for host adaptation and reproductive isolation has been reported (16). Sexual recombination generates high variability in P. infestans progeny (17)(18)(19).…”

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An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Gómez-Alpízar

Carbone

Ristaino

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

113

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Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary caused the 19th century Irish Potato Famine. We assessed the genealogical history of P. infestans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (␤-tubulin and Ras) and several mitochondrial loci P3, (rpl14, rpl5, tRNA) and P4 (Cox1) from 94 isolates from South, Central, and North America, as well as Ireland. Summary statistics, migration analyses and the genealogy of current populations of P. infestans for both nuclear and mitochondrial loci are consistent with an ''out of South America'' origin for P. infestans. Mexican populations of P. infestans from the putative center of origin in Toluca Mexico harbored less nucleotide and haplotype diversity than Andean populations. Coalescent-based genealogies of all loci were congruent and demonstrate the existence of two lineages leading to present day haplotypes of P. infestans on potatoes. The oldest lineage associated with isolates from the section Anarrhichomenun including Solanum tetrapetalum from Ecuador was identified as Phytophthora andina and evolved from a common ancestor of P. infestans. Nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes found in Toluca Mexico were derived from only one of the two lineages, whereas haplotypes from Andean populations in Peru and Ecuador were derived from both lineages. Haplotypes found in populations from the U.S. and Ireland was derived from both ancestral lineages that occur in South America suggesting a common ancestry among these populations. The geographic distribution of mutations on the rooted gene genealogies demonstrate that the oldest mutations in P. infestans originated in South America and are consistent with a South American origin.late blight ͉ oomycetes ͉ phylogeography ͉ Solanum tuberosum ͉ stamenopiles

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“…The population structure of plant pathogens is shaped in part by reproductive strategy and host preferences (31,34). Specifically, sexual reproduction has been associated with higher genotypic diversity and, hence, a stronger ability to adapt to changing conditions in the crop.…”

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“…The most important are Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry), a herbaceous perennial plant; S. betaceum (tree tomato); and S. quitoense (lulo or naranjilla), a perennial shrub. Each of these is a host to Phytophthora infestans (2,3,5,10,31,36,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Colombia: First Report of the A2 Mating Type

Vargas¹,

Quesada‐Ocampo²,

Céspedes³

et al. 2009

Phytopathology®

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Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight in crops of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most important plant pathogens in Colombia. Not only are Solanum lycopersicum, and S. tuberosum at risk, but also several other solanaceous hosts (Physalis peruviana, S. betaceum, S. phureja, and S. quitoense) that have recently gained importance as new crops in Colombia may be at risk. Because little is known about the population structure of Phytophthora infestans in Colombia, we report here the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 97 isolates collected from these six different solanaceous plants in Colombia. All the isolates were analyzed for mating type, mitochondrial haplotypes, genotype for several microsatellites, and sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. This characterization identified a single individual of A2 mating type (from Physalis peruviana) for the first time in Colombia. All isolates had an ITS sequence that was at least 97% identical to the consensus sequence. Of the 97 isolates, 96 were mitochondrial haplotype IIa, with the single A2 isolate being Ia. All isolates were invariant for the microsatellites. Additionally, isolates collected from S. tuberosum and P. peruviana (64 isolates) were tested for: aggressiveness on both hosts, genotype for the isozymes (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase), and restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprint pattern as detected by RG57. Isolates from S. tuberosum were preferentially pathogenic on S. tuberosum, and isolates from P. peruviana were preferentially pathogenic on P. peruviana. The population from these two hosts was dominated by a single clonal lineage (59 of 64 individuals assayed), previously identified from Ecuador and Peru as EC-1. This lineage was mating type A1, IIa for mitochondrial DNA, invariant for two microsatellites, and invariant for both isozymes. The remaining four A1 isolates were in lineages very closely related to EC-1 (named EC-1.1, CO-1, and CO-2). The remaining lineage (the A2 mating type) had characteristics of the US-8 lineage (previously identified in Mexico, the United States, and Canada). These results have important epidemiological implications for the production of these two crops in Colombia.

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Potential of sexual reproduction among host‐adapted populations of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato in Ecuador

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic Structure of the Population of Phytophthora infestans Attacking Solanum ochranthum in the Highlands of Ecuador

Genetic Structure of the Population of Phytophthora infestans Attacking Solanum ochranthum in the Highlands of Ecuador

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Colombia: First Report of the A2 Mating Type

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