Potential of the C Genome of the Different Variants of Brassica oleracea for Heterosis in Spring B. napus Canola

Abstract

The genetic base of Brassica napus canola need to be broadened for exploitation of heterosis at a greater level in the breeding of F 1 hybrid canola cultivars. In this study, we evaluated 228 inbred B. napus canola lines derived from six B. napus × B. oleracea interspecific crosses and following two breeding methods (F 2-and BC 1-derived lines) to understand the effect of the B. oleracea alleles on heterosis for different agronomic and seed quality traits. Test hybrids of the inbreds derived from crosses involving vars. botrytis (cauliflower), alboglabra (Chinese kale) and capitata (cabbage) cv. Badger Shipper, on an average, gave about 10% mid-parent heterosis (MPH), and about 67% of the test hybrids gave higher seed yield than the common B. napus parent indicating that B. oleracea alleles can contribute to heterosis for seed yield in spring B. napus canola hybrids. This was also evident from a positive correlation of the genetic distance of the inbred lines from the common B. napus parent with MPH for seed yield (r = 0.31) as well as with hybrid yield (r = 0.26). Almost no correlation was found between genetic distance and MPH for seed oil and protein content as well as with the performance of the test hybrids for these two traits. The occurrence of positive correlation between seed yield of the inbred lines and test hybrids suggested the importance of the genes exerting additive effect for high seed yield in the hybrids. Very little or almost no heterosis was found for the other agronomic traits as well as for seed oil and protein content. While comparing the two breeding methods, no significant difference was found for seed yield of the test hybrids or the level of MPH; however, the BC 1-derived inbred and test hybrid populations flowered and matured earlier and had longer grain-filling period than the F 2-derived population. Thus, the results suggested that the B. oleracea gene pool can be used in the breeding of spring B. napus canola to improve seed yield in hybrid cultivars.

Assessment of heterosis based on parental genetic distance estimated with SSR and SNP markers in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…Earlier at the end of the twentieth century, some studies have used RFLP and SSR markers to study the relationship between GD and heterosis, and proposed that the relationship between GD and heterosis could be predicted by genetic differences [ 17 ]. Subsequently, a number of studies used RAPD [ 18 ], AFLP [ 19 , 20 ], SSR [ 21 – 23 ], EST-SSR [ 24 , 25 ], insertion-deletion (InDel) [ 11 ] and SNP markers [ 13 , 26 – 28 ] to study the relationship between GD and heterosis. Previous studies used different molecular marker types and those results were also different, but the GD was not compared.…”

“…In pearl millet, moderate positive significant correlations were found between GD and MPH for grain yield ( r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and BPH for grain yield ( r = 0.33, p < 0.01), respectively [ 21 ]. Nikzad et al found a positive correlation for the genetic distance of the inbred lines from the common Brassica napus parent with MPH for seed yield ( r = 0.31) and hybrid yield ( r = 0.26) [ 23 ]. Significant correlation was observed between GD and MPH of plant height, gross plant weight, net curd weight, leaf width, curd diameter and total marketable yield in Brassica oleracea [ 25 ].…”

Assessment of Heterosis Based on Parental Genetic Distance Estimated With SSR and SNP Markers in Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

“…In pearl millet, moderate positive signi cant correlations were found between GD and MPH for grain yield (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and BPH for grain yield (r = 0.33, p < 0.01), respectively [21]. Nikzad et al found a positive correlation for the genetic distance of the inbred lines from the common Brassica napus parent with MPH for seed yield (r = 0.31) and hybrid yield (r = 0.26) [23]. Signi cant correlation was observed between GD and MPH of plant height, gross plant weight, net curd weight, leaf width, curd diameter and total marketable yield in Brassica oleracea [25].…”

“…Earlier at the end of the 20th century, some studies have used RFLP and SSR markers to study the relationship between GD and heterosis, and proposed that the relationship between GD and heterosis could be predicted by genetic differences [17]. Subsequently, a number of studies used RAPD [18], AFLP [19,20], SSR [21][22][23], EST-SSR [24,25], InDel [11] and SNP markers [13,[26][27][28] to study the relationship between GD and heterosis. Previous studies used different molecular marker types and those results were also different, but the GD was not compared.…”

Phenotypic diversity analysis and performance of elite lines of Brassica napus L.

“…Moreover, for combating biofuel consumption and climatic change challenges oilseed rape is getting popularity as a biodiesel crop. It is estimated that substantial demand in oilseed crops would be increased many-folds in near future (FAO 2002, Nikzad et al 2020.…”