Potential of Utilization of Renewable Energy Technologies in Gulf Countries

Basha, J. Sadhik; Jafary, Tahereh; Vasudevan, Ranjit; Bahadur, Jahanzeb Khan; Ajmi, Muna Al; Neyadi, Aadil Al; Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M.; Hussain, Abrar; Ahmed, Waqar; Shahapurkar, Kiran; Rahman, Md. Saifur; Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul

doi:10.3390/su131810261

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…KSA has a hot, dry climate and abundant RE resources, particularly solar and wind. The climatic conditions in KSA make it one of the most suitable candidates for utilizing RE resources to compensate for future energy demands while decreasing dependence on oil for power production [ 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia

Alturki

2022

Energ Sustain Soc

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Background Sustainable development requires access to affordable, reliable, and efficient energy to lift billions of people out of poverty and improve their standard of living. The development of new and renewable forms of energy that emit less CO2 may not materialize quickly enough or at a price point that allows people to attain the standard of living they desire and deserve. As a result, a parallel path to sustainability must be developed that uses both renewable and clean carbon-based methods. Hybrid microgrids are promoted to solve various electrical and energy-related issues that incorporate renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, diesel generation, or a combination of these sources. Utilizing microgrids in electric power generation has several benefits including clean energy, increased grid stability, and reduced congestion. Despite these advantages, microgrids are not frequently deployed because of economic concerns. To address these financial concerns, it is necessary to explore the ideal configuration of microgrids based on the quantity, quality, and availability of sustainable energy sources used to install the microgrid and the optimal design of microgrid components. These considerations are reflected in net present value and levelized energy cost. Methods HOMER was used to simulate numerous system configurations and select the most feasible solution according to the net present value, levelizied cost of energy and hydrogen, operating cost, and renewable fraction. HOMER performed a repeated algorithm process to determine the most feasible system configuration and parameters with the least economic costs and highest benefits to achieve a practically feasible system configuration. Results This article aimed to construct a cost-effective microgrid system for Saudi Arabia's Yanbu city using five configurations using excess energy to generate hydrogen. The obtained results indicate that the optimal configuration for the specified area is a hybrid photovoltaic/wind/battery/generator/fuel cell/hydrogen electrolyzer microgrid with a net present value and levelized energy cost of $10.6 billion and $0.15/kWh. Conclusion With solar photovoltaic and wind generation costs declining, building electrolyzers in locations with excellent renewable resource conditions, such as Saudi Arabia, could become a low-cost hydrogen supply option, even when accounting for the transmission and distribution costs of transporting hydrogen from renewable resource locations to end-users. The optimum configuration can generate up to 32,132 tons of hydrogen per year (tH2/year), and 380,824 tons per year of CO2 emissions can be avoided.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia

Alturki

2022

Energ Sustain Soc

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“…The first region between these plots shows the period when the primary hydroxyls of glycerol react with carboxyl groups of Phthalic anhydride leads to the formation of linear chains. Immediately, the primary hydroxyl groups are esterified, there is an abrupt drop in acid value, the reaction slackens until a temperature is reached when the secondary hydroxyl groups begin to react, Thus, the increasing %PaV of the alkyd chains [3]. The variation of the degree of polymerization (Dp) of all the six alkyd resins with the reaction time is shown in Figure (5).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of the Theventia Peruviana Alkyd...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expenses of utilizing petrol based monomers in the assembling of surface covering are expanding continuously, and there is a likely going to be shortage of the consumption of the petroleum [1]. A shortage of oil based goods combined with expendable petrol have caused vulnerability in the supply of oil based commodities for both home use and mechanical utilizations [2,3]. There has been enormous expansion in the interest for alkyd tar creation for use in the surface covering industry because of its quick development, Thus, huge amounts of oil are required for the creation of alkyds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Alkyd Resins from Underutilized (Delonix Regia and Theventia Peruviana) Seed Oils

Mustapha

Adisa

Oladele

et al. 2022

IJOIR

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The inedibility of delonix regia and theventia peruviana seeds represents a significant waste of resources. The physicochemical properties of underutilized seed oils after refinement were studied using Association of Officials of Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 1990) techniques in this study. The refined theventia peruviana oil (RTPO) has a yield of 40.55 %, but its long alkyd resin (LTPOAR) has iodine value of 80.12 (gI2/100g), viscosity 24.17 (30o C, m2/s), saponification value of 177.04 (mg/KOH/100g), and acid value of 9.53 (mg/KOH/g), while refined delonix regia oil (RFBO) has a yield of 52.71 %, with its long alky resin (LDROAR) having iodine value of 133.87 (gI2/100g), viscosity 21.15 (30o C, m2/s), saponification value of 266.42 (mg/KOH/100g), and acid value of 5.71 (mg/KOH/g). For both TPOAR and DROAR, six grades of alkyds were created at 25 % (short), 40 % (medium), and 60 % (long) oil lengths. The acid values of the aliquots for the reaction mixture at various time intervals were used to track the reaction's progress. At the initial stage of the reaction, the extent of reaction (% Pav) ranged from 78.5 to 80.8 %, indicating a significant degree of conversion. The average degree of polymerization (Dp) of the alkyds ranged from 1.03 to 5.20, indicating the synthesis of high molecular weight alkyds. The alkyd films were acid, brine, and water resistant, but not alkali resistant. All alkyd resins were characterized with surface drying and solubility times and were found to be around 2 hours in respect of the 60% oil length.

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“…Qatar plans by 2030 to have 20% of its energy are drawn from renewable sources. By 2016, the country had not substantially reduced GHG emissions, as a submission from Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), [3]. Following 2000 the CO 2 emissions in Qatar increased from 24 MtCO 2 to 94 MtCO 2 in 2019 (+7%/year).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here the carbonaceous material can be converted into syn However, the EU believes its large-scale implementation is being hindered by the h cost of investments and transportation. Qatar plans by 2030 to have 20% of its energy are drawn from renewable sources 2016, the country had not substantially reduced GHG emissions, as a submission f Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), [3]. Following 2000 the CO2 e sions in Qatar increased from 24 MtCO2 to 94 MtCO2 in 2019 (+7%/year).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Solid Recovered Fuel Gasification in the State of Qatar

2021

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Gas products from gasified solid recovered fuel (SRF) have been proposed as a replacement for natural gas to produce electricity in future power generation systems. In this work, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of SRF air gasification to energy was conducted using the Recipe2016 model considering five environmental impact categories and four scenarios in Qatar. The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) handling in Qatar is landfill with composting. The results show that using SRF gasification can reduce the environmental impact of MSW landfills and reliance on natural gas in electricity generation. Using SRF gasification on the selected five environmental impact categories—climate change, terrestrial acidification, marine ecotoxicity, water depletion and fossil resource depletion—returned significant reductions in environmental degradation. The LCA of the SRF gasification for the main four categories in the four scenarios gave varying results. The introduction of the SRF gasification reduced climate change-causing emissions by 41.3% because of production of renewable electricity. A reduction in water depletion and fossil resource depletion of 100 times were achieved. However, the use of solar technology and SRF gasification to generate electricity reduced the impact of climate change to almost zero emissions. Terrestrial acidification showed little to no change in all three scenarios investigated. This study was compared with the previous work from the literature and showed that on a nominal 10 kg MSW processing basis, 5 kg CO2 equivalent emissions were produced for the landfilling scenarios. While the previous studies reported that 8 kg CO2 produced per 10 kg MSW is processed for the same scenario. The findings indicate that introducing SRF gasification in solid waste management and electricity generation in Qatar has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission load and related social, economic, political and environmental costs. In addition, the adoption of the SRF gasification in the country will contribute to Qatar’s national vision 2030 by reducing landfills and produce sustainable energy.

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Potential of Utilization of Renewable Energy Technologies in Gulf Countries

Cited by 28 publications

References 130 publications

Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia

Optimal design for a hybrid microgrid-hydrogen storage facility in Saudi Arabia

Synthesis and Evaluation of Alkyd Resins from Underutilized (Delonix Regia and Theventia Peruviana) Seed Oils

Life Cycle Assessment of Solid Recovered Fuel Gasification in the State of Qatar

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