Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters
(PAPs), a kind of poly/perfluoroalkyl
substance, are used in food contact materials. Herein, a three-dimensional
quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model
was developed and applied to predict the binding affinity of 6:2 and
8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs) with transthyretin
(ttr) to potentially displace thyroid hormones. The
predicted activity of 6:2 diPAP was higher than that of 8:2 diPAP,
and both were comparable to that of perfluorobutanesulfonate, suggesting
their potential endocrine disrupting effects. For verification, zebrafish
embryos were incubated with 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs at 0.5–50 ng/L
for 7 days. Both diPAPs reduced total and free thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3) levels but elevated deiodinases levels, suggesting
inhibited synthesis and increased metabolism of thyroid hormones.
Consistent with the results of 3D-QSAR, the efficacy of 6:2 diPAP
was generally higher than that of 8:2 diPAP, which might be due to
the higher binding affinities of 6:2 diPAP for thyroid hormone receptor
(TR) β and TTR, predicted by molecular docking. For both diPAPs,
the decreased thyroid hormones weakened the activation of TRα,
thus significantly reducing the TRα level in the intestine.
The integrated results provide strong evidence of thyroid toxicities
of 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs.