Potential Tetany Hazard of N‐Fertilized Bromegrass as Indicated by Chemical Composition<sup>1</sup>

Follet, R. F.; Power, James F.; Gruñes, D. L.; Hewes, D. A.; Mayland, H. F.

doi:10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700060024x

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The (NH 4 hS04 and urea were added alone or in combination with nitrapyrin at the rate of 1 mg for each 50 mg N. Treatments were replicated three times for a total of 48 pots which were weighed periodically and watered to 25% (W/W). The fertilizer and nitrapyrin (N-serve 3 ) were added in solution. Pots were filled with three increments of soil and water or fertilizer solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forage was oven dried at 65 C, ground, and analyzed for N, K, Ca, Mg, P, N0-3 -N, trans-aconitic acid, and ash alkalinity. Samples were digested with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a block digestor (19) and analyzed for N and P by the Technicon 3 Auto Analyzer Industrial Method No. 334-74W/ B + revised March 1977.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wheat forage from fields moderately or heavily fertilized with N is generally more hazardous than forage from unfertilized fields (2,3,4,5,8,12,16,17). One reason is that when soil K is high, the K concentration of wheat forage is increased very significantly by N fertilization, while there is little or no effect on the Ca and Mg concentrations (3,4). This results in an increase in the equivalent K/(Ca + Mg) ratio in the forage.…”

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Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹

Mathers¹,

Stewart²,

Gruñes³

1982

Agronomy Journal

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important forage for cattle in much of the Southern Great Plains. However, death losses in wheat pastures due to grass tetany of nursing and pregnant older cattle, and frothy bloat of younger cattle, often occur. Forages from fields moderately or heavily fertilized with N are generally more hazardous than forages from unfertilized fields. As regards grass tetany, high rates of N fertilization are particularly hazardous when soil K is high. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (N‐serve) on the relative uptake of K, Ca, and Mg by winter wheat growing in pots in the greenhouse. When nitrapyrin was added, the plants took up less NO−3‐N because nitrapyrin inhibited nitrification of the added NH+4. The plants also had lower concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg. However, the depression effect was greater for the divalent cations Ca and Mg, than for the monovalent cation K, so the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio was increased. Therefore, when nitrapyrin was added, the forage was more likely to cause grass tetany. Nitrapyrin also decreased plant organic acid concentrations and this probably decreased Mg and Ca uptake. The concentration of K was higher and Mg and Ca was lower during periods of rapid growth. Therefore, the forage was more likely to cause tetany during these periods. Nitrapyrin was effective in delaying nitrification, and this could be useful for supplying N to wheat later in the growing season. However, other steps might have to be taken to avoid an increased incidence of grass tetany.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹

Mathers¹,

Stewart²,

Gruñes³

1982

Agronomy Journal

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“…The results of all these studies show that unless sampling conditions are closely standardised it will be difficult to identify clearly ,my significant seasonal patterns of variation. Nt/TWSC ratio Mayland et al (1974Mayland et al ( , 1975 and Follett et al (1975) studied chemical composition of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) in relation to incidence of grass tetany in semi-arid ranges of the western U.S.A. Among the chemical indices nssociated with onset of tetany was a rapid increase in the ratio Nt/TWSC to values above 0.3.…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in chemical composition of pasture

Metson¹,

Saunders²

1978

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Seasonal variations in pasture herbage for total nitrogen (Nt), total sulphur (S,), the lltrogen/sulphur ratio «NjS),), non-protein nitrogen (Nnp) , total water-soluble carbohydrates (TWSC), and the Nt/TWSC ratio, were studied by monthly samplings at seveñ ites in the lower North Island. Trends in N, were similar in grass and clover components of the pasture, although clover levels were generally higher than grass levels. Highest concentrations occurred in late autumn to early spring, and lowest in summer, although the summer minimum was much more evident in grass than in clover. Monthly fluctuations were similar in grasses and clovers, suggesting possible random effects from urinary return of grazing sheep. Seasonal variations in St were not pronounced, but levels in grasses were generally higher than those in the corresponding clovers, reflecting the greater tendency of grasses to ,:ccumulate sulphate-sulphur where the soil sulphur supply is not limiting. However, (N/S) t ratios ranged from 7 to 16 in grasses, and from 14 to 21 in clovers, suggesting that the sulphur supply may have been barely adequate at some sites. Nnp levels were determined only in mixed herbages, and tended to follow Nt levels. Nnp comprised 16-20% of Nt, with little variation between sites. TWSC levels varied considerably between sites, and from month to month, which was not unexpected for a constituent known to show wide diurnal and seasonal fluctuations. The mean levels showed some indication of a minimum in late summer to autumn, and a maximum in winter. The N,/TWSC ratio was frequently above the reported uanger level of 0.3 (for spring grass pastures in the semi-arid ranges of western U.S.A.), but its significance as an indicator of a grass tetany hazard under New Zealand conditions is not known.355

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“…Recently, Lawrence (1980) The mineral composition of forage is important because of its relation to the occurence of grass tetany (Follett et al 1975 Mayland et al 1975). However, N fertilization can also have a large effect on the chemical composition of the forage (Barta et al 1973;Follett et al 1975;Mayland et al 1975). Kemp and 't Hart ( 1957) reported that a ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) greater than 2.2 in forage would likely result in grass tetany in animals fed on it.…”

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The Productivity and Chemical Composition of Altai Wild Ryegrass as Influenced by Time of Irrigation and Time and Rate of N Fertilization

Lawrence¹,

Winkleman²,

Warder³

et al. 1980

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Trin. ) , were studied from 197 4 to 197'7 . No clear-cut methods to maximize the seed yield on irrigated land were found. Highest dry matter yields were obtained from grass given three irrigations and 400 kg N/ha per year. Spring applications of N fertilizer iesulted in forage with a higher N content than fall applications. The N content ofthe forage increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer, whereas the P content of the forale was reduced by N fertilizer applications. Toxic levels of nitrates can be expected from spring applications of 400 kg N/ha. This danger was reduced if N fertilizer was applied in the fall. The Ca, Mg and K content increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer. The (1973) was converted to a minimum 7o N (816.25 :1.287o N) for comparative purposes. The required minimum level of N was found in most samples from grass that had been given N fertilizer, but not in samples from Altai wild ryegrass that was not fertilized. P ContentThe P content of Altai wild ryegrass was not influenced greatly by time of irrigation (Table l). Likewise, the P content was not consistently influenced by time of N fertilizer application. However, unfertilized grass generally had a higher P content than that given N fertilizer.

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Potential Tetany Hazard of N‐Fertilized Bromegrass as Indicated by Chemical Composition¹

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹

Seasonal variations in chemical composition of pasture

The Productivity and Chemical Composition of Altai Wild Ryegrass as Influenced by Time of Irrigation and Time and Rate of N Fertilization

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Potential Tetany Hazard of N‐Fertilized Bromegrass as Indicated by Chemical Composition1

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage1

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage1

Seasonal variations in chemical composition of pasture

The Productivity and Chemical Composition of Altai Wild Ryegrass as Influenced by Time of Irrigation and Time and Rate of N Fertilization

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Product

Resources

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Potential Tetany Hazard of N‐Fertilized Bromegrass as Indicated by Chemical Composition¹

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹

Effect of a Nitrification Inhibitor on the K, Ca, and Mg Composition of Winter Wheat Forage¹