Potential Toxic Compounds in Biochar

Liu, Bingjie; Liu, Guocheng; Cai, Zhaohui; Zhang, Chenchen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811729-3.00019-4

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Table 5 shows the proximal and elemental analysis of the solid carbonaceous materials produced from QS and QH pyrolysis. Usually, a concern regarding the use of the carbonaceous materials produced by pyrolysis in soil applications has to do with the content of volatile organic compounds, that is, tars that condense on their surface ( Zheng et al, 2019 ). The properties of the carbonaceous materials produced by pyrolysis, as the content of volatile organic compounds, is affected mainly by pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type ( Tomczyk et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of quinoa and lupin agro-residues into biochar in the Andes: An experimental study in a pilot-scale auger-type reactor

Salgado

S²,

Cianferoni³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In the last decades, the cultivation of quinoa and lupin became an important source of income for Andean farmers due to the demand for high nutrient-density foods from the Global North. The increase in the cultivation intensity caused by this exogenous demand led to the overexploitation of local ecosystems and a decrease in soil fertility. As an alternative to recover and improve soil quality, this work uses a pilot-scale auger pyrolysis reactor, implemented in the Andes, to assess the conversion of the agro residues generated in the post-harvesting processes of quinoa and lupin into biochar for soil amendment. Following the European Biochar Certificate guidelines, the pyrolyzed quinoa stems can be classified as biochar while the pyrolyzed quinoa husks can be classified as pyrogenic carbonaceous material. Both can be used for soil amendment considering their molar ratios (H/Corg, O/Corg) and carbon content. It was not possible to carbonize lupin stems and seedcases. Despite the altitude (2,632 m.a.s.l), the CO concentration during the carbonization of quinoa stems and husks were 1,024.4 and 559 mg/Nm3, this last, near the European eco-design standard of 500 mg/Nm3. A subsequent SWOT analysis showed the need to explore low-cost and low-complexity pyrolysis reactors that allow the decentralized conversion of agro residues at the farm-scale. The development of local standards to regulate the production and use of biochar is also essential to grant the safety of the processes, the quality of the products, and mobilize funds that allow implementation at relevant scales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of quinoa and lupin agro-residues into biochar in the Andes: An experimental study in a pilot-scale auger-type reactor

Salgado

S²,

Cianferoni³

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Low final scores for the samples made of the first manure sample were caused mainly by high ecotoxicity and low biogenic element content in the samples prepared at 500–600°C, with a residence time of 2–4 h. In the case of the second manure sample, low final scores were observed for the samples prepared at temperatures higher than 500°C (all residence durations), which were characterized by high ecotoxicity and low surface area. The differences observed may be explained by the levels of moisture content in the manures: When more dry, the second manure sample was “ready to use” after low temperature pyrolysis, and further heating led to sintering and formation of toxic compounds, such as PAH or dioxins (Sigmund et al, 2017; Spokas et al, 2012; Zheng et al, 2019). In the case of the first manure sample, higher temperatures were needed to produce water loss from the samples and to begin the transformation of organic matter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of pyrolysis regime for chicken manure treatment and biochar production

Kuryntseva

Galitskaya

Selivanovskaya

2021

Water & Environment J

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Pyrolysis processes and products have yet to be studied fully, and information about chicken‐manure (CM) pyrolysis is especially poor. In the present study, biochar obtained from two CM samples at different residence times (1–4 h) and peak temperatures (400–800°C) was investigated. It was found that pH ranged between 6.8–10.3 and 6.6–11.6; EC between 1.8–3.9 and 1.2–11.9 mSm/cm; CEC between 30.0–65.6 and 15.2–146.9 cmol/kg; C, N, P, and K contents between 9.5–25.6% and 15.7–61.2%, 0.7–2.8% and 1.5–6.4%, 1.7–2.7% and 2.5–5.6%, 0.9–2.1% and 1.3–3.6%, respectively; ecotoxicity (LID10) towards aquatic organisms between 1–40 and 1–66; germination indices between 189–353% and 54–265%; and surface areas between 0.1–0.7 and 0.1–0.3 m2/cm3 for the second and first samples of CM, correspondingly. The multiobjective optimization method was used to analyse the results obtained and to choose the pyrolysis regimes that result in the biochar with the highest fertilizing ability.

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“…The production and availability of biochar seem feasible and the routines promising. This is clearly shown by the exponential growth in the number of publications on biochar [ 50 , 51 ]. Moreover, biochar is seen as a new tool to establish environmental management and sustainable energy production.…”

Section: Novel Research and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application

et al. 2021

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Groundwater remediation is one of the main objectives to minimize environmental impacts and health risks. Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons contamination is prevalent and presents particularly challenging scenarios to manage with a single strategy. Different technologies can manage contamination sources and plumes, although they are usually energy-intensive processes. Interesting alternatives involve in-situ bioremediation strategies, which allow the chlorinated contaminant to be converted into non-toxic compounds by indigenous microbial activity. Despite several advantages offered by the bioremediation approaches, some limitations, like the relatively low reaction rates and the difficulty in the management and control of the microbial activity, can affect the effectiveness of a bioremediation approach. However, those issues can be addressed through coupling different strategies to increase the efficiency of the bioremediation strategy. This mini review describes different strategies to induce the reduction dechlorination reaction by the utilization of innovative strategies, which include the increase or the reduction of contaminant mobility as well as the use of innovative strategies of the reductive power supply. Subsequently, three future approaches for a greener and more sustainable intervention are proposed. In particular, two bio-based materials from renewable resources are intended as alternative, long-lasting electron-donor sources (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates from mixed microbial cultures) and a low-cost adsorbent (e.g., biochar from bio-waste). Finally, attention is drawn to novel bio-electrochemical systems that use electric current to stimulate biological reactions.

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Potential Toxic Compounds in Biochar

Cited by 22 publications

References 118 publications

Conversion of quinoa and lupin agro-residues into biochar in the Andes: An experimental study in a pilot-scale auger-type reactor

Conversion of quinoa and lupin agro-residues into biochar in the Andes: An experimental study in a pilot-scale auger-type reactor

Optimization of pyrolysis regime for chicken manure treatment and biochar production

Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application

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