Potential Utilization of Unavoidable Food Supply Chain Wastes–Valorization of Pea Vine Wastes

Abstract

In this study, the preparation and characterization of biobased thermosets comprising epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), adipic acid and/or glutaric anhydride, initiated by N,N-4dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is reported. By changing the ratio of adipic acid to glutaric anhydride, the obtained resins changed from soft and flexible to hard and brittle materials. The Young's modulus varied from 25 MPa to 1477 MPa, tensile strength varied from 10.3 MPa to 25.7 MPa, and the elongation at break varied from 2.7% to 67.5%. The maximum toughness was found with the sample containing 20% glutaric anhydride and 80% adipic acid. With the increase of glutaric anhydride content, the total heat released during the curing reaction and the glass transition temperature (T g) increased. This is the first paper that reports the combination of glutaric anhydride and adipic acid as curing agents for epoxidized plant oils to produce thermosets ranging from flexible to hard.

Defibrillated Celluloses via Dual Twin-Screw Extrusion and Microwave Hydrothermal Treatment of Spent Pea Biomass

“…Therefore, reutilization or valorization of unavoidable pea waste, e.g. leaves, vines, pods and stalks, (also known as haulm) represents a significant lignocellulosic resource for chemical and economic exploitation, 5 but also an opportunity to improve the environment by divert waste . [6][7][8]13 Recently, nanocellulose has emerged as biomaterial with great promise because of its application in food, 9 electronics, 10 catalysis, 11 hydrocolloids, 12 biomedical materials 13,14 due to its excellent properties including high mechanical strength, high surface area and enhanced optical properties.…”

Bio-Based Compounds from Grape Seeds: A Biorefinery Approach

“…Food and agricultural waste can not only be avoided but it is possible to intercept the opportunity to exploit the waste to define, for example, new bioproducts in a more complete view of biorefinery. It has been estimated that a third of all the food produced in the world is not consumed, making for a total of about 1.3 billion tons of waste a year [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Genotoxicity Assessment of Three Nutraceuticals Containing Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Agri-Food Waste Biomasses

“…As described by Xia et al [ 4 ], food waste reaches, globally, a billion tons per year, an amount that can be definitely decreased but that will be never completely erased. During food processing, ~75% in weight of the starting biological material becomes waste, contributing 140 billion tons of biomass from the food sectors generated each year around the world.…”

“…In the last decades, the pharmaceutical industry has become aware that the bio-waste originating from grapes and apples processing can be an important source of phytochemicals to be destined to cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. As a consequence, bio-waste has being recently used for the production of dietary supplements, functional foods, food additives and nutraceuticals for human consumption [ 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”