Potentially harmful heavy metal contamination in Babolrood river: evaluation for risk assessment in the Mazandaran province, Iran

Fallah, Seyedeh Hourieh; Bakaeian, Mehdi; Parsian, Hadi; Amouei, Abdoliman; Asgharnia, Hosseinali; Ghanbarian, Marjan; Mousapour, Abbas; Tabarinai, Hajar; Oskoei, Vahide; Miri, S. Ali

doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1828386

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The cumulative risk value of the BR for children was higher than 1, indicating adverse effects on human health. Consistent with the non-carcinogenic risks, the carcinogenic risks for children under different exposure scenarios were higher than adults [75,76], so children are more vulnerable to health hazards from exposure to heavy metal pollution in rivers [75][76][77]. Because children's bodies are still developing and their immune systems are weaker, it is necessary for governments, businesses, schools, and all sectors of society to take measures to protect children from environmental pollution and ensure that they can grow up in a clean and healthy environment [78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Pollution Characteristics and Health Exposure Risks of Heavy Metals in River Water Affected by Human Activities

2023

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Under the influence of human activities, surface water quality has been significantly affected, which threatens human health and sustainability. In order to clarify the potential risks of heavy metal pollution to human health in river water, two tributaries of the Tumen River with significant differences in human activity interference were selected for investigation. Comparative analysis of the contents of chromium (Cr), cuprum (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and plumbum (Pb) in the surface water of the two tributaries showed that the concentrations of As and Hg in some sampling sites exceeded the pollution standard values, and the Buerhatong River had a higher pollution level. Further analysis of the health risks revealed that the hazard quotient values of Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were <1, but the cumulative risk value of the Buerhatong River was higher than 1 for children, indicating adverse effects on human health. The As levels under the fish ingestion scenario had unacceptable carcinogenic risks, while the Cr in the Buerhatong River for adults and Cr and Pb in the Buerhatong River and Hunchun River for children had acceptable carcinogenic risks. Moreover, the As in the incidental water ingestion scenario also had acceptable carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the increase in human activity intensity can promote the increase in the health exposure risk of heavy metals in river water, and fish ingestion was the main exposure pathway, while children had higher exposure risks than adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Pollution Characteristics and Health Exposure Risks of Heavy Metals in River Water Affected by Human Activities

2023

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“…However, fluorosis is a disease that destroys the teeth and bones and is caused by ingesting too much fluoride, which is widely found in drinking/groundwater (GW) [ 2 ]. Moderate doses have dental effects, but long-term ingestion can lead to serious bone disease [ 3 ]. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to F − toxins can harm the reproductive, neurological, musculoskeletal, developmental, endocrine, and renal systems, leading to genotoxicity in some cases [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

Ullah

Zeng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Fluoride (F−) contamination in drinking groundwater is a significant human health risk in Pakistan. Moreover, high fluoride pollution in drinking water causes a variety of disorders, including dental, neurological, and skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this research was to evaluate the health risk of elevated fluoride in groundwater and its suitability assessment for drinking purposes. The total of (n = 37) samples were collected from community tube wells of Quetta Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan. The results show a mean pH value of 7.7, TDS of 404.6 mg/L, EC of 500 µs/cm, depth of 96.8 feet, and turbidity of 1.7 nephelometric turbidity units. The mean values of HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+, were 289.5, 47.5, 30.6, and 283.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of SO42−, NO3−, K+, Cl−, and Fe2+, were 34.9, 1.0, 1.6, 25.6, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The F− concentration in the groundwater varied between 0.19 and 6.21, with a mean value of 1.8 mg/L, and 18 samples out of 37 were beyond the WHO recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L. The hydrochemical analysis results indicated that among the groundwater samples of the study area, 54% samples were Na-HCO3 type and 46% were mixed CaNaHCO3 type. The saturation indices of the mineral phases reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area were saturated with CaCO3 and halide minerals due to their positive (SI) values. Such minerals include calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and fluorite. The principal component analysis results reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area are contaminated due to geological and anthropogenic actions. The health risk assessment results of the F− concentrations show the ranges of ADDingestion for children, females, and males in the Quetta Valley, and their mean values were observed to be 0.093052, 0.068825, and 0.065071, respectively. The HQingestion mean values were 1.55086, 1.147089, and 1.084521 for children, females, and males, respectively. It was noticed that children had the highest maximum and average values of ADDingestion and HQingestion in the research area, indicating that groundwater fluoride intake poses the greatest health risk to children. The water quality index (WQI) analyses show that 44% of the samples belong to the poor-quality category, 49% were of good quality, and 8% of the samples of the study area belong to the excellent category.

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“…The river has a variable width from 40 to 60 m, and its annual mean discharge varies from 3.44 to 16.67 m 3 /s. The river flows as the valley river with the remarkable slope of 7% [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Diazinon Pollution in the Three Major Rivers Flowing into the Caspian Sea (Iran)

Behrooz

Esmaili-Sari

Urbaniak

et al. 2021

Water

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The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in the concentrations of a widely used organophosphorous pesticide (OPP), diazinon, and the associated risk posed by this OPP in the surface water from the three largest rivers located in the northern province of Iran: the Haraz, the Talar and the Babolrood rivers. These rivers are located in the agriculture province of Mazandaran, and are exposed to high doses of organophosphorus pesticides, especially diazinon. The concentration of diazinon was determined using gas chromatography, while the potential risk posed by diazinon was elucidated using a Risk Quotient (RQ) calculated for general (RQm) and worst-case (RQex) scenarios. The obtained results demonstrated that the average diazinon concentrations ranged from 41 ± 76 ng/L in the Talar River and 57 ± 116 ng/L in the Haraz River, to 76.5 ± 145 ng/L in the Babolrood River, with a significant difference noted between summer and autumn seasons for all three rivers. For some stations, the concentration of diazinon is higher than the standard guidelines of Australian/New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (FMWQ) and the United States Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC). The calculated RQs indicated a medium risk of diazinon, RQm = 0.73 and RQex = 2.27, in the Talar River; RQm = 1.02 and RQex = 2.49 in the Haraz River; and RQm = 1.35 and RQex = 4.54 in the Babolrood River. The overall exposure of diazinon was defined to have a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1); however, the summer sampling revealed a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1), while the autumn had a medium risk (RQm and RQex < 1). The obtained results revealed not only elevated concentrations of diazinon in the studied rivers but most importantly the high risk posed by this OPP for the aquatic organisms and the wellbeing of the whole river ecosystem. The current study showed that development and implementation of appropriate standards and regulations toward diazinon in countries such as Iran are required to reduce the pollution levels and risks related to elevated concentrations of the studied pesticide.

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Potentially harmful heavy metal contamination in Babolrood river: evaluation for risk assessment in the Mazandaran province, Iran

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Pollution Characteristics and Health Exposure Risks of Heavy Metals in River Water Affected by Human Activities

Pollution Characteristics and Health Exposure Risks of Heavy Metals in River Water Affected by Human Activities

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index

Assessing Diazinon Pollution in the Three Major Rivers Flowing into the Caspian Sea (Iran)

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