Potentiation of the bactericidal activity ofHarungana madagascariensisLam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) leaf extract against oral bacteria using poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles:in vitrostudy

Abstract

Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) is known to have biological properties with mainly antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the ethyl acetate H. madagascariensis leaf extract (HLE) on the main oral bacterial strains largely implicated in dental caries and gingivitis infections, and the possibility of potentialization of HLE antibacterial effects using the poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLG-NP). The microdilution technique and the interfacial polymer deposition following the solvent diffusion method were used to investigate the in vitro bactericidal activity of ethyl acetate HLE and to prepare nanoparticles, respectively. HLE showed significant bactericidal effects against the bacterial strains tested, with minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to 5 x 10(2) mg/l or less, except for Lactobacillus casei with 7.5 x 10(2) mg/l. With the HLE incorporated into PLG nanoparticles (HLE-PLG-NP), we observed diminution of the bactericidal concentration compared to HLE, the upper MBC being of 1.875 x 10(2) mg/l. Incorporation of the HLE into a colloidal carrier optimized its antibacterial performance.

Comparative analysis of essential oils from the leaf, fruit and stem bark ofHarungana madagascariensis

“…[1] The orange red resinous sap from the bark has been associated with wound healing properties. [2] In one instance, leaf aqueous extract of the plant was reported to show antimicrobial activity [3] while a diminution of oral bacteria was also reported by Moulari et al [4] in an in vitro study. However, in a separate study by Moulari et al, [5] a flavanone, astilbin was isolated as the antibacterial principle.…”

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts ofHarungana madagascariensisstem bark

“…This is also confirmed in this study. The study therefore showed that antimicrobial compounds also reside in the stem bark like the leaves (Okoli et al, 2002;Moulari et al, 2006aMoulari et al, , 2006b) with the highest activities found in the acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. H. madagascariensis has been used traditionally for the treatment of various respiratory, gastro-intestinal, sexual transmission and parasitic diseases by the people of east and west Africa for a long time (Kamanzi Atindehou et al, 2004).…”

“…Kouam et al (2007) have isolated a prenylated 1, 4-anthraquinone from the hexane extract of the stem-bark of H. madagascariensis and have shown it to possess G-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activities. Most of the investigations on the pharmacological efficacies of H. madagascariensis are based on the leaves (Madubunyi et al, 1995;Kamanzi Atindehou et al, 2002;Okoli et al, 2002;Moulari et al, 2006aMoulari et al, , 2006bKouam et al, 2007).…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Extract and Fractions from Drynaria fortunei Against Oral Bacteria

“…Previously, researchers reported that several essential oils from plants had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria (1). The oolong tea polyphenols possess a strong antiglucosyltransferase activity and inhibit experimental dental caries in species pathogen-free rats infected with mutans streptococci (12,13). Cacao beans, which form the main constituent of chocolate, contain some polyphenols which exhibit antiglucosyl transferase activity (14).…”