Potentiometric flow injection analysis of dicyclomine hydrochloride in serum, urine and milk

Improving the detection limits of antispasmodic drugs electrodes by using modified membrane sensors with inner solid contact

“…In previous studies we described a group of ion-exchangerbased PVC membrane electrodes, with liquid inner contact, for the selective determination of dicyclomine [1], mebeverine [2] and drotaverine [3]. The ion-exchanger incorporated in each electrode was an ion-association of the drug cation with the heteropoly anion silicotungstate, silicomolybdate, phosphotungstate or phosphmolybdate.…”

“…This is associated with the high molecular weights of these anions, which range from 1823 to 2880. In our previous works [1][2][3], the solubility product constants (K SP ) of these ionassociates were determined conductometrically [24] and the calculated solubility (S) values of these compounds revealed that the ion-associate dicyclomine-silicotungstate, mebeverinesilicotungstate and drotaverine-silicomolybdate have the lowest solubilities between the prepared ion-associates. Therefore, these compounds were selected in this study to be used as active recognition elements in the proposed CWEs.…”

“…However, further addition of ion-exchanger resulted in a diminished response slope of its corresponding electrode, most probably due to some inhomogenities and possible saturation of the membrane. DBP was used as plasticizer and solvent mediator in all membranes of the constructed CWEs, since it shows more appropriate conditions for extracting and incorporating the drug cations prior to their exchange with the soft ion-exchangers in the cases of similar liquid contact electrodes (LCE) incorporating the same ion-exchangers [1][2][3].…”

“…Previous work from our laboratory described the development of a group of conventional PVC membrane electrodes for the antispasmodic drugs dicyclomine [1], mebeverine [2] and drotaverine hydrochlorides [3]. The detection limits of these electrodes are in the range of 2 × 10 −6 -8 × 10 −6 M. These moderately high values of detection limits prohibit the use of these electrodes in determination of the drugs in real (unspiked) serum and urine samples.…”

Construction and Performance Characterization of Ionselective Electrodes for Potentiometric Determination of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Applying Batch and Flow Injection Analysis Techniques

“…The mechanism of selectivity is mainly based on the electrostatic environment and it is dependent on how much fitting is present between the locations of the lipophilicity sites in the two competing species in the bathing solution side and those present in the receptor of the ion-exchanger. 22,23 Inorganic cations do not interfere because of differences in ionic size, mobility and permeability. The electrodes are also selective to PE + towards number of sugars, and amino acids.…”