Poverty and Depressed Mood Among Urban African-American Adolescents: A Family Stress Perspective

Hammack, Phillip L.; Robinson, W. LaVome; Crawford, Isiaah; Li, Susan T.

doi:10.1023/b:jcfs.0000022037.59369.90

Cited by 67 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, results suggested that family income was not related to diumal cortisol; instead, there were main effects of reports of self-blame for parental conflict on conisol intercept (significant) and slope (marginally significant), which indicated that self-blame was related to lower cortisol levels early in the day and marginally flattened slopes across the day. Past research has consistently provided evidence that experiencing economic stress predicts poorer mental health and greater life stress for children and adults (Evans & English, 2002;Hammack et al, 2004;Kahn, Wise, Kennedy, & Kawachi, 2000); our results are consistent with this evidence, but also extend family process .00 t ---High Self-blame ™««>™". Low Self-blame Hours since wake-up Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Low income individuals also report experiencing many more and often multiple Stressors compared to other individuals (Evans & English, 2002;Hammack et al, 2004). Because individuals from low-income families report more Stressors, researchers have examined whether income predicts stress physiology.…”

Section: Family Income As a Predictor Of Negative Developmental Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family income and appraisals of parental conflict as predictors of psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol in emerging adulthood.

Lucas‐Thompson

Hostinar

2013

Journal of Family Psychology

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The goal of the current study was to provide the first investigation of whether appraisals of parental marital conflict mediate associations of family income with emerging adult psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol production. Participants were 178 college students who provided 3 saliva samples across the day and reported their family income, adjustment (depressive symptoms, perceived daily stress, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems), and appraisals of their parents' conflict (including perceptions of frequency, intensity, resolution, stability, as well as perceived threat and self-blame for conflict). Results indicated that emerging adults from low-income families reported more-negative conflict appraisals, which in turn predicted lower levels of adjustment; there was no association between income and patterns of cortisol production across the day. However, emerging adults who felt responsible for their parents' conflict displayed cortisol levels that were lower early in the day, with a tendency toward blunted cortisol slopes across the day; those who appraised their parents' conflict less negatively displayed a more normative pattern of cortisol production. These results suggest that effects of family income on psychological adjustment are explained, in part, by appraisals of parental conflict, particularly of appraisals of conflict as threatening, whereas self-blame conflict appraisals have main effects on cortisol, and predict a dysregulated and potentially maladaptive pattern of cortisol production across the day for emerging adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Family Income As a Predictor Of Negative Developmental Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family income and appraisals of parental conflict as predictors of psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol in emerging adulthood.

Lucas‐Thompson

Hostinar

2013

Journal of Family Psychology

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“…In addition, rates of internalizing symptoms were lower in this sample as compared to African-American teens in general. In fact, Hammack et al [26] found that 47% of a sample of 1,704 AfricanAmerican adolescents with no medical diagnosis (ages 13-18 years) self-reported depressive symptomatology, yet only 13.64% of the adolescents in this sample reported depression symptoms in the borderline or clinical range. One explanation for the lower than expected self-and caregiver-reported internalizing symptoms may stem from characteristics of this sample in terms of moderate sociodemographic risk and low disease severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: The Role of Intrapersonal Characteristics and Stress Processing Variables

Simon

Barakat

Patterson

et al. 2009

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) complications place patients at risk for poor psychosocial adaptation, including depression and anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to test a mediator model based on the Risk and Resistance model to explore the role of intrapersonal characteristics and stress processing variables in psychosocial functioning. Participants were 44 adolescents with SCD, 15 healthy siblings, and 43 primary caregivers, recruited from an East Coast comprehensive sickle cell center. The participants completed paper and pencil measures of resilience factors (attributional style, hope, coping) and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety). Internalizing symptoms among adolescents with SCD and healthy siblings did not differ and were within non-clinical ranges. Self-esteem of adolescents with SCD was correlated with less depression and anxiety and sense of inadequacy was associated with poorer functioning. There were no findings to support the role of coping in psychosocial adjustment. Although the mediation hypothesis was not supported, findings highlighted the resilience of this sample of adolescents with SCD. Determining how these resilience factors protect adolescents with SCD may aid in the development of psychosocial interventions. In particular, interventions should focus on improving intrapersonal skills and coping with stress and investigate ways to tailor these interventions to African-American populations.

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“…Urban adolescent girls report significantly higher levels of internalizing symptoms than boys (Carlson & Grant, 2008;Grant et al, 2000;Merikangas et al, 2010;Youngstrom, Weist, & Albus, 2003), and show particular vulnerability to depression (Grant et al, 2004;Hammack, Robinson, Crawford, & Li, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of social support in trajectories of mental health symptoms for immigrant adolescents

Şirin

Gupta

Ryce

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

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Poverty and Depressed Mood Among Urban African-American Adolescents: A Family Stress Perspective

Cited by 67 publications

References 50 publications

Family income and appraisals of parental conflict as predictors of psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol in emerging adulthood.

Family income and appraisals of parental conflict as predictors of psychological adjustment and diurnal cortisol in emerging adulthood.

Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: The Role of Intrapersonal Characteristics and Stress Processing Variables

Understanding the role of social support in trajectories of mental health symptoms for immigrant adolescents

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