Abstract:In the last decade, significant progress has been made in electrification, especially in the applications of electrical vehicles, renewable energies, and industry automations, which imposed much more complicated working conditions to electric machines as well as the drive converters. More advanced features, such as the control strategies, functionality, stability, and reliability of machine drive systems, need to be characterized and validated. Thus, there is an emerging need to accurately recreate the behavio… Show more
“…The objective function is used to calculate cost (i, x, w) as (x-w + 𝑙 𝑖 − 𝑔 𝑖 ), where the range of feasible x values from max (0, w − pc) to min (C, w + Pd). As a result, DP uses the recurrence shown in (7).…”
Section: Using Non-recursive Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, some more scenarios are given. [5,10,12,14,15,15,14,12,10,5] and discharge as= [6,7,8,8,8,7,6,5,5,5], price as [2,3,5,7,10,13,15,17,18,20]. Before optimization the cost is = 620 after optimization the cost is 500.…”
Section: Using Non-recursive Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These systems collect surplus electricity from sustainable sources and provide electricity during periods of high demand or low generation. The main objectives of utilizing these storage systems are to enhance energy efficiency, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and optimize storage and usage costs [7], [8].…”
This paper presents a dynamic programming solution for the cost optimization of an electric storage system. The objective is to minimize the total cost of meeting electricity demand over a specified time interval, considering energy constraints and costs. The proposed algorithm efficiently determines the optimal energy discharge and charge strategies for the storage system, resulting in reduced overall costs. The effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated through various test cases, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in energy storage systems and electric grid management. It also provides an overview of different types of electrical storage systems, review recent research on optimization techniques for energy storage, and examines recent studies on the optimization of electrical storage systems for specific applications, such as peak load shaving and grid stability. Through this comprehensive analysis, we hope to shed light on the current state of the field and identify areas for further research and improvement.
“…The objective function is used to calculate cost (i, x, w) as (x-w + 𝑙 𝑖 − 𝑔 𝑖 ), where the range of feasible x values from max (0, w − pc) to min (C, w + Pd). As a result, DP uses the recurrence shown in (7).…”
Section: Using Non-recursive Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, some more scenarios are given. [5,10,12,14,15,15,14,12,10,5] and discharge as= [6,7,8,8,8,7,6,5,5,5], price as [2,3,5,7,10,13,15,17,18,20]. Before optimization the cost is = 620 after optimization the cost is 500.…”
Section: Using Non-recursive Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These systems collect surplus electricity from sustainable sources and provide electricity during periods of high demand or low generation. The main objectives of utilizing these storage systems are to enhance energy efficiency, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and optimize storage and usage costs [7], [8].…”
This paper presents a dynamic programming solution for the cost optimization of an electric storage system. The objective is to minimize the total cost of meeting electricity demand over a specified time interval, considering energy constraints and costs. The proposed algorithm efficiently determines the optimal energy discharge and charge strategies for the storage system, resulting in reduced overall costs. The effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated through various test cases, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in energy storage systems and electric grid management. It also provides an overview of different types of electrical storage systems, review recent research on optimization techniques for energy storage, and examines recent studies on the optimization of electrical storage systems for specific applications, such as peak load shaving and grid stability. Through this comprehensive analysis, we hope to shed light on the current state of the field and identify areas for further research and improvement.
“…In recent years, the penetration of distributed generations (DG) in the power grid keeps increasing dramatically. The microgrid has been proposed to integrate a number of DGs and loads on a more autonomous and smaller scale, where power electronic converters are adopted to manage the energy flows among the DGs and the loads [1][2][3][4][5]. The control schemes of converters are critical to the operation of the microgrid [6][7][8][9]; therefore, recreating the control behaviors in the AC microgrid is becoming essential for the testing, as well as teaching activities in this field.…”
The fast development of distributed generations enables the microgrid a popular solution for the construction of the modern power grid, where the control behaviors of power electronics converters play a crucial role. Under this scenario, the emulation of microgrid control behaviors is becoming an emerging need for the testing and teaching of the AC microgrid. However, conventional approaches, such as the dynamic simulation test and the Power-Hardware-In-Loop, are still costly or bulky to flexibly recreate the correct characteristics of microgrid including different layers of controls and the interactions among multiple converters. The dynamic simulation test is bulky and costly to emulate various types of control behaviors since all physical components in the test system may need to be adjusted. The high cost of Power-Hardware-In-Loop is mainly caused by the high-performance real-time simulator and power amplifier. In this paper, a novel emulation system is proposed for the testing of the AC microgrid. A low-cost circuit configuration, which includes two face-to-face connected DC–AC converters and some passive loads, is introduced with the possibility of flexibly emulating most of the typical control schemes in an AC microgrid. In addition, a user interface for the real-time operation and measurement of the hardware platform is introduced on a host computer to further facilitate the testing process. Finally, various control schemes in microgrids, including the voltage control, current control, droop control, and secondary control, are validated in the experiment setup based on the proposed emulation approach.
“…The demand for power hardware in the loop simulation systems [22,23] and power electronics-based emulation systems [24][25][26] has gradually increased over the last years. In the past, CITCEA-UPC and teknoCEA have developed emulation systems based on specific requests from customers.…”
The present Ph.D. thesis has been developed following an Industrial Ph.D. program and verses on developing a commercial piece of equipment for teknoCEA, a spin-off company from CITCEA-UPC. The thesis is centered on developing power electronics-based emulation systems for research in microgrids. Lately, the use of power electronics-based emulation systems is drawing substantial attention in the field of microgrids because their characteristics substantially facilitate research in laboratory facilities.
First, the suitability of different topologies for implementing an emulation platform is analyzed. The focus is set on the topologies adjustability to implement various types of emulation systems. The analysis determines the most appropriate number of legs for the platform. A comparative analysis is done between two-level and multi-level topologies to determine their suitability based on different aspects. Moreover, the analysis confirms the usefulness of wide-bandgap semiconductors for this type of application.
Next, a control structure is proposed together with its implementation in a low-cost microcontroller based on a modular software architecture. The control strategy based on fractional proportional resonant controllers for AC emulation systems provides a control system with high control bandwidth while keeping a low computational cost. The control strategy for DC emulation systems is provided to reach a fast transient response and immunity to external disturbances, which is key for good emulation of electric systems.
The modular software architecture provides a software framework easily adjustable to the needs of multiple emulation systems. That allows the implementation of the multiple control strategies with minimum changes. Additionally provides a graphical representation of the software architecture from a static and dynamic point of view.
Last, the reliability of the proposed platform is assessed based on the reliability curves provided in the literature. The reliability analysis is centered on the semiconductors and capacitors. It provides evidence that emulation systems typical currents and voltages clearly affect their reliability. For the capacitors reliability assessment, a thermal modeling methodology is proposed to overcome the limitations of standard approximations. The methodology is based on anisotropic modeling of the capacitor winding. Finally, the reliability analysis establishes the guidelines to assess the platform reliability if a given mission profile is provided.
La present tesi doctoral s'ha dut a terme seguint un programa de doctorat industrial. La tesi exposa el desenvolupament d'un equip comercial per a teknoCEA, una spin-off del CITCEA-UPC. La tesi es centra en el desenvolupament d'emuladors basats en electrònica de potència per recerca en el camp de les microxarxes. Darrerament, l'ús d'emuladors s'ha estès ja que les seves característiques faciliten molt la recerca en laboratoris. En primer lloc, s'analitza la idoneïtat de diferents topologies per implementar una plataforma d'emulació. El focus recau en la capacitat de diferents topologies per ajustar-se a la implementació de múltiples sistemes d'emulació. L'anàlisi determina el número òptim de branques. Un anàlisi comparatiu entre topologies dos nivells i multinivell permet determinar-ne la idoneïtat en funció de diferents aspectes. A continuació, es proposa una estructura de control juntament amb la seva implementació en un microcontrolador de baix cost a partir d'una arquitectura de programari modular. L'estratègia de control basada en controladors FPR (fractional proportional resonant) per a emuladors de corrent altern, proporciona un sistema de control amb un gran ample de banda amb un baix cost computacional. L'estratègia de control proposada per emuladors de corrent continu proporciona una resposta transitòria ràpida i elevada immunitat a pertorbacions, aspecte clau per a una bona emulació de sistemes elèctrics. L'arquitectura de programari modular proporciona un marc de programari fàcilment ajustable a les necessitats de múltiples emuladors. Això permet la implementació de les múltiples estratègies de control amb canvis mínims. A més, ofereix una representació gràfica de l'arquitectura del programari tant des d'un punt de vista estàtic com dinàmic. Finalment, s'avalua la fiabilitat de la plataforma a partir de les corbes de fiabilitat disponibles a la bibliografia científica. L'anàlisi es centra en els semiconductors i condensadors i proporciona evidència que els corrents i les tensions típics en emuladors afecten la seva fiabilitat. Per a l'avaluació de la fiabilitat dels condensadors, es proposa una metodologia de modelització tèrmica que permet superar les limitacions de les metodologies emprades típicament en la bibliografia científica. La metodologia es basa en el modelatge del bobinat del condensador com un element anisòtrop. Per últim, l'anàlisi de fiabilitat estableix les pautes per avaluar la fiabilitat de la plataforma en el cas que es proporcioni un perfil d'operació determinat.
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