Power generation expansion planning with environmental consideration for Lebanon

An interval mixed-integer non-linear programming model to support regional electric power systems planning with CO2 capture and storage under uncertainty

“…Electric generating capacity planning is obviously an essential approach to deal with this issue. The traditional aim of an electric power utility has focused on providing an adequate supply of electric energy at minimum cost (Karaki et al 2002). In fact, such a planning decision is considerably complicated as it is not only involving a large number of social, economic, political and technical factors and their interactions, but also coupled with complex temporal and spatial variabilities (Lin and Huang 2009b).…”

Challenges for CO2 mitigation in the Lebanese electric-power sector

“…This includes Chedid et al (2001a), Karaki et al (2002), andUNDP (2003). In general, these studies tend to overlook the backup sector's emissions and its growing importance.…”

Incentive pricing and economic profitability of load management program

“…The underlying principle of the IRP approach is that utilities should provide an energy service to their customers at minimal societal cost. This implies that utilities should consider both supply-and demand-side options when performing their planning operations, and should sometimes take environmental costs into consideration [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Minimal societal costs are defined as the minimum of the joint expenses of the utility and the consumers, which can be represented by the total resource cost or societal cost if environmental externalities are taken into account.…”