Power management and control coordination strategy for autonomous hybrid microgrids

A review on control strategies for microgrids with distributed energy resources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles

“…A hierarchical secondary control for hybrid microgrid is proposed for active power sharing to ensure stability. However, control relies on slow proportional integral (PI) controllers for interlocking converters 70 …”

A Unidirectional Hierarchical Control Structure With Zero Power Sharing Error for Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

“…Category 3: In this approach, a central controller with dedicated communication links to the sources is used. In [15], [16], the secondary controller uses the measured active power outputs and droop coefficients of the AC and DC sources to 2 compute the frequency and DC voltage deviations, which could be created by the droop characteristics in the absence of the secondary controllers. The IC active power is controlled such that the per-unit value of the virtual deviations are equalized.…”

Control method for improvement of power quality in single interlinking converter hybrid AC‐DC microgrids

“…To alleviate the frequency and voltage deviations, secondary control schemes were proposed in Abuhilaleh et al. [18], Yoo et al. [19], and Malik et al.…”

“…To alleviate the frequency and voltage deviations, secondary control schemes were proposed in Abuhilaleh et al [18], Yoo et al [19], and Malik et al [20]. Because of the time delay of the communication links, which are used between the secondary controller and the local controllers, and the long constant of the secondary control loop, those strategies are unsuitable for eliminating transient voltage deviations.…”