Power, Propulsion, and Communications for Microspacecraft Missions

Propulsion Options for Primary Thrust and Attitude Control of Microspacecraft

“…A single propellant could be used to provide ACS functions with cold gas accuracy and impulse bits, while the bipropellant combination could be used for high Isp, high thrust level primary propulsion. An additional advantage, described in detail in an accompanying paper (de Groot 1997), is that the same hardware can be used as a fuel cell for energy storage to replace heavy batteries.…”

Energy Storage Solutions for Offshore Applications

“…The self-discharge rates for complete flywheel systems are about 20% of the stored capacity per day [15], hence restricting it to short-term storage, load-levelling and load-shifting applications. FEES also has high power and relatively high energy density (up to 400 Wh/kg), yielding a space/energy density ratio of 0.2 m 2 /kWh [15,29]. Available off-the-shelf FEES systems have energy capacities of up to 20 MW.…”

“…Flywheels have been used in numerous applications, including powering of turbomachinery and mechanical batteries in diverse sectors. Further, the presence of flywheels can enhance the batteries' storage time and, hence, increase their utilisation time [29].…”