Power System Modeling for the Study of High Penetration of Distributed Photovoltaic Energy

Abstract

Many conventional power systems are evolving due to the growth of renewable energy and distributed energy resources (DERs). Modeling the interplay of transmission and distribution systems is critical to analyze how DERs impact a system’s conventional operation and which electric infrastructure improvements are needed to achieve a balance between centralized generation and DERs. This article describes the process, tools, and resources used to model electric power systems with a centralized infrastructure in an isolated context and limited access to actual utility data. Photovoltaic systems installed on residential rooftops were the main design option. This work broadened the typical power system modeling to include planning and social considerations. This integrative engineering-social method allows for interdisciplinary teams to work in the development of a model as part of broader design goals for a renewable-dominant energy system. The Puerto Rico electric power system was used as a case study to demonstrate the process. The integrative engineering-social perspective in developing the model and the actions to manage data limitations are aspects that could be followed in other locations with aggressive renewable energy goals and where utility data are not readily available.

Adaptation of High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Weather/Load Forecast in Real-World Distributed Energy-System Operation

“…In addition, contingencie causes, such as equipment failures and natural hazards, can significantly im and resiliency by increasing the average frequency and duration of interrup Therefore, research effort has been directed towards designs for the m hensive control, to assist with making the decision of when to switch betw nected and island modes to minimise the impact on users. Some available short-term linear optimisation of power-plant dispatch, but these methods real-world application because they cannot consider the strategies of boun actors, for example, prosumers and policymakers [33].…”

“…Therefore, research effort has been directed towards designs for the master comprehensive control, to assist with making the decision of when to switch between interconnected and island modes to minimise the impact on users. Some available methods use short-term linear optimisation of power-plant dispatch, but these methods have limited real-world application because they cannot consider the strategies of boundedly rational actors, for example, prosumers and policymakers [33].…”

“…In contrast, some other methods apply long-term optimisation algorithms to determine the energy system dispatch strategy. However, due to a strong assumption of having perfect forecasts of stochastic variables (such as demand or renewable energy sources), this method is also not applicable to real cases [33,34].…”

Frequency stability analysis of power system with photovoltaic frequency regulation considering communication delay

“…However, photovoltaic is connected to the power grid through a large number of power electronic devices, and it does not have the ability of primary frequency regulation, so it cannot actively respond to the frequency response of the system (Cuello-Polo and O'Neill-Carrillo, 2021). The incorporation of power electronic interface makes the frequency regulation characteristics of each node significantly heterogeneous in the frequency dynamic process, which worsens the frequency response characteristics.…”